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5.6 Coxey's army, post 1893 post financial panic w/ unemployment and bankrupcies, want federal public works program, leaders jailed 5.6 "16 to 1", 1896 Byran=silver, Republicans=gold, favoring banks, democrats say 16 ounces silver to 1 ounce gold is fair, want to expand money supply 5.6 populism, people's party, 1889-1896 rose in late 1800s, rights for farmers and workers, 8 hour workday, less immigration. In 1892, Weaver runs for president, anti-corporation "monied interests", concerned with small money circulation, anti-protective tariff 5.6 William Jennings Byran; Cross of Gold Speech, 1896 At democratic party convention versus Grover Cleveland, promised financial relief to farmers, Republican is McKinely, Byran is anti-bank, wall street, railroad and wants free silver. McKinely wins 5.6 Mary Elizabeth Lease, late 1800s Populist leader, from Kansas. Phrase "raise more hell, less corn." 5.6 Oliver H. Kelley; National Grange; Granger Laws, late 1800s Early framer movements???? 5.6 Colored Farmers and Framers National Alliance, 1880s and 1890s Want to end crop-lien system and promote higher commodity prices thorugh group action 5.6 Gold Standard Act, 1900 Made gold only standard for redeeming paper money. No silver could be exchanged for gold (bimetallism). Under McKinely. 6.2 17th amendement, 1913 Made direct election of US senators by popular vote, originally only elected by state legislature. 6.2 Women's suffrage, early 1900s Led by Frances Willard. Passed in 1920 with 19th amendment. 6.2 plutocracy, early 1900s Rule by the wealthy. 6.2 Secret ballot, 1884-1891 Voters choices kept confidential. Eliminates corruption because there's no pressure on voter. Called "Austrailian Ballot". Ballots secret and identical. 6.2 Robert M. La Follette; Hiram Johnson; Charles Evans Hughes, early 1900s La Follette: Has "Wisconsin idea" of direct primaries Johnson: two persecutions of political corruption, limits power of the railroad in California Hughes: wanted to balance progrssive and conservative ideas and was Cheif Justice 6.2 referendum, early 1900s Form of direct democracy. Proposed legislation submitted to electorate for approval to stimulate unresponsive government. Voters could vote directly on an issue. 6.2 recall, early 1900s Form of dircet democracy. Allowed removal of elected officials before term expires. Usually in form of petition (initiative) and then vote on local ballot to remove official. 6.2 direct primary, early 1900s Before candidates of a party were chosen by power brokers of party and made system corrupt and not representative. Diresct primary allowed voters to choose candidates at ballot box, proposed by Robert LaFollette. 6.2 muckrakers; Thorstein Veblen; Jacob Riis; Lincoln Steffens; Ida Tarbell; Upton Sinclair, early 1900s muckrakers: investigative reporting Veblen: "The Theroy of the Leisure Class" economy corrupt by business men Riis: photos of poor NYC Steffens: "The Shame of the Cities" talks about corruption in government Tarbell: "The History of the Standard Oil Company" about trusts Sinclair: "The Jungle" about meat packing 6.2 initiative, early 1900s Form of direct democracy. Petition signed by certain minimum number of voters could force public vote on proposed amendment or ordinance. Used at state level. 6.2 Frances Willard, late 1800s Educator, temperance reformer, women's suffragist. Supported 18th amendment prohibition and 19th amendment suffrage. 6.2 John Muir; preservation; scientific management, early 1900s Muir is advocate of wilderness preservation. Yosemite Valley and Sequoia. Antiquities Act of 1906 6.2 humanism, early 1900s Study of human values and concerns, sometime concidered a relgion. 6.2 legal realism, early 1900s All law made by humans so all law has imperfections it says. 6.2 pragmatism, late 1800s Truth of idea must be proved to be valid. High regard fo rscience, radical empiricism, instrumentalism, vertificationism, conceptualism. William james, Charles Sanders Pierce and John Dewey all pragmatists. 6.2 WCTU, 1874 Women's Christian Temperance union. Crusade for prohibition. 6.2 Triangle Shirtwaist, 1911 Factory fire in NYC. Fourth deadliest industrial accident. Led to legislation for safer facotries. 146 die. 6.2 Lochner v. New York, 1905 Invalidated progressive ideas, said couldn't legally regulate work hours. Tried to overwork a banker. Used due process clause to favor. 6.2 Muller v. Oregon, 1908 Ruled to uphold 10 hour workday for women 6.2 Florence Kelley, 1899 First general secretary of National Consumers League. Exposes child labor and poor work conditions. 6.2 National Consumers League, 1899 Promote fair market and place for workers and consumers. Meat Inspection Act of 1904 and Food and Drug Act of 1906. Wanted a minimum wage for women and 10 hour work day. 6.2 Women's Trade Union League, 1903 Support women's effort to organize labor unions and eliminate sweatshop conditions. Important for strikes and suffrage. 6.3 conservation prominent issue under Roosevelt 6.3 Meat Inspection Act, 1906 Botulism found in meat, foreign government threaten to ban meats and across state meats subject to inspection. 6.3 Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 Prevent mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals. 6.3 Square Deal, 1901-1909 3 parts under Roosevelt. Control corporations, consumer protection and conserve resource. Progressive president. 6.3 Coal Strike, 1902 Pennsylvania strikers want 20% pay raise and a 9 hour work day. George F. Baer leads it. Effects: 10% pay raise, shorter hours, 1903 Department of Commerce created to ease labpr and commerce hostilities. 6.3 Northern Securities Case, 1902 Railroad trust company wants monopoly of North West. Roosevelt and Supreme Court rule no and trust is disolved. 6.3 Hepburn Act, 1906 Restricts free passes (rewards to company with number of free shipments) and Expands Interstate Commerce Commission 6.3 Elkins Act, 1903 Heavy fines on railroads giving out rebates and fines on shippers who accept them. 6.3 Newlands Act, 1902 Federal government collection of money from sale of public lands in west to develop irrigation projects 6.3 Gifford Pinchot, 1910 Cheif of Agriculture Department's Division of Forestry. Conservation in government 6.3 Ballinger-Pinchot Affair, 1910 Ballinger opens public lands in Wyoming and Alaska to corporations. Pinchot critsizes and Taft dismisses Pinchot. 6.3 Payne-Aldrich Tariff, 1909 Under Taft. places high tariff on imports, not what he says he'll do 6.3 trustbusting maintain market compettition 6.3 Clayton Anti-trust Act, 1914 Follow Sherman (1890) Anti-trust Act. Specifies prohibited conduct in 3 level scheme and outlines exemptions. Under Wilson. 6.3 Underwood Tariff, 1913 Also known as Revenue Act tariff. Re-imposes federal income tax and lowers tariff from 40% to 25%. Under Wilson. 6.3 Federal Trade Act, 1914 Creates Fereal Trade Commission (FTC) with 5 members with 7 year terms to order large corporations to curb unfair trade and give more flexibility to US congress on judicial matters. 6.3 16th amendment, 1913 Establishes federal income tax. 6.3 Federal Reserve System, 1913 Response to panics like 1907. Expanded and evolved over time to regulate money, banking and maintain stability of system. Establishes government as regulatory entity. 6.3 Federal Farm Loan Act, 1916 Makes 12 regional banks for Farm Loan Association use. Farmers can borrow 50% of land and 20% of value of improvements. Under Wilson. 6.3 Workmen's Compensation Act, 1913 Establishes compensation by state, injured have right to health care and money. 6.3 Adamson Act, 1916 Establishes 8 hour workday for railroad workers, raises pay for overtime, first to regulate hours of private company, made to avoid nationwide strike. Under Wilson. 6.3 "New Nationalism", 1912 Roosevelt campaign platform. Governmant protection of human welfare and property rights. 6.3 "New Freedom" Wilson anti-trust modification, tariff revision, reform in banking and currency. Wants to use economy for good. 6.3 Upton Sinclair, 1906 Wrote "The Jungle" which led to the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act 6.3 John Muir, early 1900s presevationalist 6.3 preservation and conservation preservation: protect what is still left conservation: prevent decay, waste and loss 6.3 Eugene V. Debs, early 1900s union leader, founds Labor Union and Industrial Workers of the World. Socialist. 6.3 Election of 1912 Republican candidate is Taft. Bull Moose candidate is Roosevelt. Democratic candiate is Wilson. Wilson wins. 6.3 Bull Moose Party, 1912 Progressive party that forms after split of Republican Taft and Roosevelt. Roosevelt says "I'm fit as a bull moose" after being shot while campaigning and finishing speech before being hospitalized. 6.4 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 1850 With Britain over canl issue wanted to be built from Atlantic to Pacific. said US could not gain exclusive control over a canal route. 6.4 Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, 1901 Friendly relations with Britain led to signing of treaty. Britain helps US build canal and gives the US the right to build it. 6.4 Open door notes, post 1895 To embrace territorial and commercial integrity of China. Post China's defeat by Japan, Russia and Germany move into China. The policy by Secretary of State Hay says to all great powers to respect Chinese rights. Only italy fully accepts, Russia completely denies. 6.4 spheres of influence, post 1895 AKA leaseholders of major world powers. Term used by Hay in Open Door policy. 6.4 Emilio Aguinaldo, Feb. 4, 1899 Leads Filipinos rebellion against occupying US after US senate doesn't pass bill for Filipino freedom. 6.4 Philippe Bunau-Varilla, 1903 Led Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty to give US control of Panama canal. Feared US would chose Nicaraguan route. 6.4 Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, 1903 Gives US control of 10 mile zone around Panama Canal. 6.4 Boxer Rebellion, 1904 Chinese "Boxers" (patriotic Chinese) kill hundreds of foreigners. Many nations step in to stop it. 6.4 Panama Canal, 1904-1914 For ships to cross Atlantic to Pacific ocena. Start of poor US-latin america relations. Bought for $400 million. 6.4 Roosevelt Corollary Extended Monroe Doctrine. ?????Said US would pay Latin America debts to prevent foreign occupation. Latin America hates this. 6.4 "gentlemen's agreement" Stopped Japanese segregation in San Francisco because of Roosevelt. Japanese in turn agree to stop flow of immigrants to US. 6.4 "yellow journalism" Innaccurate reporting. Used by Hearst and Pulitzer to publish fabricated atrocities of Cuba. Same Pulitzer prize guy??? 6.4 Maine, Feb. 15, 1898 Ship blows up in Havana port. Spain takes no credit for it but US blames them. War with Spain becomes eminent. 6.4 Teller Amendment, April 11, 1898 Says US does not have imperialistic endeavors in Cuba. McKinely doesn't want war. Says when US overthrows Spanish rule, Cuba will have freedom. 6.4 Theodore Roosevelt Helps prepare navy for Spanish American war with John Long. 6.4 George Dewey, 1898 Roosevelt has Dewey with 6 ships attack Philippines in event of Spanish war. Dewey destroys 10 ships at Manila. 6.4 Rough Riders Cowboys and ex-athletes who volunteer in Spainish-American war under Roosevelt 6.4 Treaty of Paris, 1898 Ends Spainish-American war. US gets Guam and Puerto Rico in treaty. Decide to christianize and civilize Filippinos and pay Spainish $20 million for Philippines. 6.4 Anti-Imperialistic League Oppossed McKinely adminisration. Byran pushes for Forcker Act. Mark Twain founds it after Philippine war. 6.4 Foraker Act, 1900 Gives Puerto Rico limited popular government. In 1917 PuertoRicans granted US citizenship. 6.4 insular cases, 1901 Declared US constitution did not extend to the Philippines and Puerto Rico. 6.4 Platt amendment, 1901 True to Teller Amendment (if Spain is won, Cuba would get freedom. Cuba forced to write constitution. US can intervene with troops to restore order and provide protection at any time. Cubans will sell or lease coal and naval stations to US. 6.4 imperialism Creation or maintenance of unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship. 6.4 Alfred Thayer Mahan Navy flag officer "sea power" concept said that the country with the most powerful navy would control the globe. Most important US strategist. 6.4 Richard Olney Massachussetts representative called US post embassies to make US regarded as a powerful nation. Crucial in Britain and Venezuela. 6.4 William Howard Taft 27th president. Progressive. Trustbusting, civil reform, and helps pass 16th amendment for income taxes. 6.4 "Dollar Diplomacy" Beginning under Roosevelt to further US aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power to guarentee loans to foreign countries. 6.4 "missionary diplomacy" Wilson's idea to deny recognition to Latin American government viewed as hostile to US interests. First time US denys a government. Expansion of Monroe Doctrine, US should "help" any nation without democracy. 6.4 big-stick diplomacy Slogan of Roosevelt's extension to Monroe Doctrine. 6.4 Philippine Insurrection/ Philippine-American war, 1899-1902 Filippino revolutionaries want freedom from US. Battle of Manila biggest. 34,000 to 1 million killed. Get freedom post WWII 6.4 "yellow peril" Refers to those of Asian decent and the belief that mas migration of Asians to US threatens white wages and standard of living. 6.4 Jingoism (spread-eaglism) Extreme patriotism in for of aggressive foreign policy. 6.4 John Hay McKinely's Secretary of state and helps to negociate Treaty of Paris in 1898. 6.4 Pan-American Conference, 1889 Meeting between US and Latin America. Blain proposes it. FAIL. 6.6 Lusitania, May 7, 1915 Geraman sub sinks British passenger ship, killing 128 Americans. Germany continues unrestricted warfare, bringing US into war. 6.6 Espionage and Sedation Acts, 1917 and 1918 Espionage: can ban newspapers and magazines from mails of those obstructing draft, $10,000 fine or 20 years in jail Sedation: Can't use disloyal, profane, scurrilous or abusive language about US government. 6.6 Eugene V. Debs Urges socialists to resist militartism. Jailed under Sedation Act. Still runs for president. 6.6 George Creel Leads CPI propoganda campaign with things like 4-minute men, flyers and movies 6.6 International Workers of the World Radical labor organization under government attack in WWI. 6.6 Central powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria 6.6 Allies France, Britain, Russia, Japan, Italy, US 6.6 Kaiser Wilhelm II Leader of Germany, auristocratic 6.6 Susssex Third in string of German sinkings. French passenger ship was sunk. Wilson says Germany must stop or there will be war. Sussex pledge is Germany wanting to modify trade. 6.6 Charles Evans Hughes 1916 Republican nominee for president and Supreme court justice. Wilson wins with anti-war campaign. Hughes doesn't like tariffs, likes trusts and dislikes Mexico and Germany handlings. 6.6 Bernard Baruch Advied Wilson and Roosevelt on economic matters. Chairman of War Industries Board created under Wilson. 6.6 War Industries Board, 1917 US government agency to coordinate purchase of war supplies. Encourages mass production. Production increases 20%. 6.6 Alice Paul Suffragist and activist. Successful campaign for women's suffrage. 6.6 19th amendment, 1920 Women's right to vote. Wilson supports. 6.6 18th amendment, 1919 Prohibiton. 6.6 Henry Cabot Lodge Battle with Wilson over treaty of Versailles in 1919. US never ratifies. Opposes US involvment in League of Nations. 6.6 self-determination Prominent idea in Wilson's fourteen point plan. International law that natiosn have right to chose sovereignty and politcal status. -see parallel to Eygpt and Tunsia uprisings today. 6.6 Sarajevo, 1914 Where Franz Ferdinand is killed in Bosnia, powder keg to WWI. 6.6 collective security Present in League of Nations. Accept security of one as security of all. Foreign alliance policy. 6.6 Fourteen points Wilson speech in 1918. Assure public that war was for moral cause and for post war peace in Europe. Basis for German surrender but not in Treaty of Versailles. Few countries to express their goals. 6.6 League of Nations, 1919 After Paris Peace Conference is createed. Pre- United Nations. Prevent war through collective security and disarmment. 6.6 Comittee on Public Information Propoganda campaign for war in US. Led by George Creel. 6.6 U-boats military submarines used by Germans. Econmic warfare tool. 6.6 Herbert Hoover, 1929-1935 31st president. Governmetn intervention under "economic modernization" 6.6 Warren G. Harding, 1921-1923 29th president. Promised to return nation to normalcy. Strong economy and industrialization. 6.6 conscription Army draft. 6.6 Schenck v. US, 1919 Upheld Espionage ACt of 1917. Said you have no tight to free speech against the draft. "clear and present danger" phrase used. 6.6 Zimmerman note, 1917 Germans say they will help Mexico regain territory if they go to war with US. Wants Mexico to attack US. 6.6 Bolsheviks Faction of Maxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. Rule Russia in 1917 with Lenin and Trotsky. 6.6 dough-boys American soldiers 6.6 Big Four Allied leaders at Paris Peace Conference in 1919. Wilson (US), George (Britain), orlando (Italy), and Clemenceau (france). 6.6 Treaty of Versailles, 1919 Ended state of war between Germany and Allies. Paris Peace Conference concludes treaty. Germany takes blame for war and pays $385 billion. 6.6 "normalcy" Harding's presidential cmapaign 6.7 A. Mitchell palmer US Attorney General 1919 to 1921. Convinced communists were planning to overthrow US. Teamed with Hoover to make Espionage and Sedation Act. Nov. 7, 1919, 10,000 suspected communists arrested. "Palmer raids" in retalliation many Industrial Workers of the World 6.7 Red Scare, 1920 Sadi Palmer created communist takeover plan in may to help him become Democratic presidential candidate. 6.7 Sacco and Vanzetti, 1920, 1927 Anarchists convicted of murdering 2 men in a 1920 robbery in Massachussetts. Executed in 1927. Dispute over trail and innocence. 6.8 Ku Klux Klan, early 1920s Midwest and south. 5 million members. pro Anglo saxon, native, and protestant. Anti almost everything else. 6.8 Emergency Quota Act and National Orgins ACt, 1921 and 1924 Emergency Quota Act: restricts Europe immigrants in a year to 3% National Orgins Act or immigration Act: cuts quota from 3% to 2%. Japanese immigrants banned. No more unrestricted immigration. 6.8 "Birth of a Nation", 1915 Silent film directed by Griffith. Promoted white supremacy and Ku Klux Klan as heros. Highest grossing silent film. 6.8 Prohibiton, 18th amendment, Volstead Act, 21st amendment 18th amendment: prohibiton in 1919 Volstead Act: enabling legislation to establish prohibiton. Defined intoxicating liquors 21st amendment: 1933 rpeals 18th amendment -women, churches support it -south want alchol away from blacks -west think alchol means crime and corruption 6.8 Boston Police Srike, 1919 Strike to acheive recognition for trade union and improvement in wages and wor conditions. Opposed by upton Curtis, froms AFL 6.8 Scopes Monkey Trail, 1925 John T. Scopes found guilty and fined $100 for teaching evolution in Tennessee. Darrow defends, William Jennings Byran prsecutes. 6.8 League of Women Voters, Alice Paul, National Women's party, 1923 Campaign for an equal rights amendment to constitution. League of Women Voter= Carrie Catt. 6 months before 19th amendement. 6.8 Carrie Catt 1900-1904 and 1915 and NAWSA, 1890 Unification of National Woman Suffrage Association and American Woman Suffrage Association. Most important and largest. 6.8 Warren Harding, 1921-1923 29th president.Not progressive. Conservatism, "normalcy" and make no enemies. 6.8 Calvin Coolidge, 1923-1929 30th president, after death of Harding. Restores confidence in white house after scandal. Middle class supporter and laissez-faire. 6.8 Herbert Hoover, 1929-1933 31st president. Economic modernization efficiency movement. Great Depression begins. 6.8 Sheppard-Towner Act, 1921 Provides federal funding for maternity and child care. Under Harding. 6.8 Welfare capitalism Practice of businesses providing welfare-like services to employees 6.8 "American Plan", 1920s Policy of employers refusing to negotiate with unions. Began attacks against labor unions. 6.8 Washington Naval Arms Conference, 1921-1922 Military conference under harding. Disarment movement. A Nations with Pacific and East Asia interests. In League of nations treaty series. 6.8 Kellog-Briand Pact, 1928 Renounced aggressive war, prohibits war as national policy except in self deffense. League of Nations treaty series to prevent European Alliances. US, France, UK, Germany, Italy, Japan. 6.8 Teapot Dome Scandal Scandal and bribery investigation of Harding. Biggest before watergate over leasing of government owned oil reserves at Elk Hills California. 6.8 Fordney-McCumber Tariff, 1922 Raises US tariffs to protect factories and farms. 6.8 Dawes Plan of 1924 Attempt to collect war reprarations debt from Germany. Young Plan 1929 repalces it 6.9 Al Capone, early 1920s 1931 Italian-American gangster who led prohibition era crime. led "Capones" group dedicated to smuggling and bootlegging liquor and other illegal activities.Served eleven years in Alcatraz. 6.9 Mass consumption related to consumerism. A social and economic order based on creating good and desire to purchase goods and services in even greater amount. 6.9 henry Ford American industrialist and founder of Ford Motor Company. Makes assembly line and mass production. "Fordism" is mass production of inexpensive goods coupled with high wages for workers. 6.9 assembly line Manufactoring process in which parts usually interchangable are added to a product in a sequential manner. 6.9 welfare capitalism practice of busineses proving welfare-like services to employees 6.9 Charles Lindbergh American aviator, author, inventor, explorer, social activist. Orteig Prize winning solo non stop flight on May 20-21, 1927, 3600 miles. Awarded Medal off HOnor. 6.9 radio, 1906 First broadcast Fessenden plays a violin song in 1906 from Massachussetts. Networks for in 1920s 6.9 Birth of a Naiton, 1915 Highest grossing silent film. Pro white supremacy. 6.9 Hays code, 1930 to 1968 Censorship guidelines censoring the production of most US motion productions. After Hollywood's chief censor, Will H. Hays., abandoned for rating system in 1968. 6.9 The Jazz Singer, 1927 Musical film. First feauture length movie with sycronized dialogue, marks decline of silent movies. 6.9 Margaret Sanger American sex educator and birth control advocate. Founder of American Birth Control League. 6.9 fundamentalist Anti-modernism. Strict adherence to status quo even when unpopular. 6.9 Pentecostalism Movement in Christianity with emphasis on a direct experience with God through baptism. Aimee Semple McPherson. 6.9 Sigmund Freud Austrailian neurologist who founded psychoanalytic school of psychiatry. Says sexual desire is main motivator. 6.9 flapper Western women who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz and flaunted disdain for acceptable behavior. Makeup, drinking, sex, smoking, driving. 6.9 jazz Originated in 20th century in African American communities in South. 6.9 Louis Armstrong 1920s trumpet player. Influential in jazz and solo. Scat singer. "Whose skin color was secondary to his amazing talent in an America severly racially divided." 6.9 harlem Renaissance; Langston Hughes; Claude McKay; Countee Cullen Harlem Renaissance: 1920s and 1930s, "flowering of Negro literature" beginning in Harlem, NY Langston hughes: Americna novelist, playwright, jazz poetry "Harlem was in vogue" Claude McKay: Jamacian-American writer and poet. "home to Harlem", Countee Cullen: one of leading American poets of time 6.9 Marcus Garvey; UNIA Publisher, journalist, orator. Proponent of black nationalism. UNIA is Universal Negro Improvement Association. "Garveyism" inspired mass movement back to Africa. 6.9 lost generation Used to refer to generation the came of age during WWI. Ernest Hemingway said. 6.9 H.L. Mencken journalist, essayist, magazine editor, satirist. Influential writer and prose stylist. Called Scopes trial "monkey" trial. Wrote "The American Language" 6.9 F. Scott Fitzgerald Coined term "Jazz age" Writer. "This Side of Paradise", "The Great Gatsby". 6.9 Ernest Hemingway Worked for Kansas City Star!! "The Sun also Rises" "A Farewell to Arms" "For Whom the Bell Tolls" 6.9 Sinclair Lewis First American awarded Nobel Prize in literature. Writer of American society and characterization of working women. 6.9 William Faulkner novelist and writer. Southern literature. 6.9 T.S. Eliot Poet, playwright, critic. "The Waste Land" Prize winner. 6.9 Eugene O'Neil American playwright. Realism themes. Portrayed despaired characters. 6.9 Zora Neale Hurston Folklorist, anthropologist and author in Harlem Renaissance. "Their Eyes were watching God." 6.9 Frank Lloyd Wright Architect. Organic architecture. 6.9 Andrew mellon banker, industrialist and secretary of treasury 1921-1932. 6.9 Bruce Barton ...