1.
Colosseum: 
-Created a vaulting system
-Public forums -Aqueducts -Arenas
Barrel vault
-Series of arches, back-to-back
-Creates long tunnels
-Buttressed
-No windows/light
Groin vault
-two barrel vaults that intersect
-buttressing at 4 corners
Dome
-Low cylinder drum with dome on top
-opens up space
-Large and practical
2.
Colosseum (part 2): -First elliptical structure
-Held 50,000 people
-Entertainment for the masses, not "contest" entertainment (gladiators, mock sea battles)
4 Levels in order of development
-Doric column (engaged, attached to wall)
-Ionic
-Corinthian
-Pilasters (engaged columns)
-Pitted walls
-Concrete faced with marble
-Under the floor: dressing room, areas for animals, barracks for gladiators
-80 outside arches around the perimeter (76 for common people, 1 for emperor and court, 1 for priests, 1 for the door of life, 1 for the door of death)
3.
Forum: 
4.
Imperial Architecture: -Most enduring contribution
-Made of concrete faced with marble, which makes it look gray and unattractive, inexpensive, and cosmetic
-Arch gives space
-Romans welcomed people to temples
-Most temples were named after people
-Vitruvius- architect who wrote 10 books on architecture and set standards for engineers
5.
Imperial Rome: -27 BCE-300 CE
-An emperor rules. Julius Caesar is the most famous general and politician
-Height of power
-All about worldly and military power
-Honor military leaders
-many narrative reliefs: record of the emperor's achievements, or of family
-Found on: altars, triumphal arches, and columns (entire thing, not just the top)
-Portrait sculpture- one of Rome's most important contributions
-Painting (depth, shading)
--Almost looks like perspective
--Came to a halt because of Christianity
6.
Panthenon: 
-Honors all the gods
-Built by Agrippa, destroyed and rebuilt by Paydrion
-Perfect hemisphere
-Dome on a low 20ft thick drum
-Huge bronze doors so heavy you can't open them
-Outside is plain
-Drainage system on the floor
-Raphael is buried here
-Interior has 3 zones:
1st Level: 7 niches (planetary gods)
2nd Level: Signs of the Zodiac
3rd Level: coffer - a square recess in a ceiling to reduce the weight of the structure
-AKA the Golden Dome of Heaven
-Best preserved building of the ancient world
7.
Republic Rome: 200-27 BCE Rome is the greatest civilization
-Initially a Plutocratic society (ruled by the rich)
-First to build a complex network of roads
-Temple building
-Palentine Hill similar to Acropolis
-Greek marble/bronze copies
--When you see a leaf on the genitals, it's probably a copy
-Busts (face and shoulders) of ancestors
-SPOR - Senate and People of Rome - found all over Rome on standards
8.
Rome Notes: -Success through conquest, assimilation, and administration
-For the first 500 years it "grew"
-For the second 100 years it "peaked"
-For the last 300 years it "declined and fell"
-Occupy all the Greek+Etruscan territories
-Adapt Greek ideas for own use
-Less idealistic, philosophical, intellectual than Greeks. Romans were secular, practical, and functional
9.
Temple of Portunus: 
Has Greek:
-Ionic columns
-Pediment
-Ranking cornice
-Architrave
Has Etruscan:
-Deep porch
-One entrance
-Engaged columns
-High podium
Made of concrete
