| Term | Definition |
| Vygotsky's sociocultural theory | stresses the social context of cognitive development |
| Egocentric speech (now called private speech) | young children "talk for self" in which they run off thoughts in whatever form they happen to occur, regardless of whether a listener can understand |
| Children speak to themselves for | self-guidance |
| inner speech | the verbal dialogues we carry on with ourselves while thinking and acting in everyday situations: as children get older and find tasks easier, their self-directed speech is internalized as silent |
| Scaffolding | adjusting the support offered during a teaching session to fit the child's current level of performance |
| Vygotsky saw ___________ as the ideal social context for fostering cognitive development in early childhood | Make-believe play |