Physical assistance & transfer
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Created by:
jenryder78 on February 7, 2011
Subjects:
comprehensive patient care and education
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Shock | extremely low blood pressure, that is, a systolic blood pressure reading lower than 60 mmHg (below 90 mmHg is considered low blood pressure). |
| Normal blood pressure | 110 to 140 mmHg systolic and 60 to 80 mmHg diastolic |
| High blood pressure | systolic pressure higher than 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure higher than 90 mmHg. |
| Rickets | deficiency of vitamin D and usually is found affecting the growing bones of young children. The body's weight on the soft bones of the legs results in bowed and misshapen legs |
| Osteomalacia | adult condition in which new bone fails to calcify. It is a painful condition and can result in easily fractured bones, especially in the lower extremities |
| Osteoarthritis | often seen in the elderly and is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage in adjacent bones. The resulting rubbing of bone against bone results in pain and deterioration |
| Strain on the abdominal muscles | may be minimized by placing a pillow under the patient's head and a support under the patient's knees. The pillow also relieves neck strain, reduces the chance of aspiration in the nauseated patient, and allows the patient to observe his or her surroundings |
| Trendelenburg position | the body is laid flat on the back (supine position) with the feet higher than the head; causes the diaphragm to assume a higher position and can cause a patient to become short of breath |
| Hypertension | can be identified as extreme or moderate |
| Extreme hypertension | can result in brain damage within just a few minutes |
| Moderate hypertension | can cause damage to organs—the lungs, kidneys, brain, heart, etc. Various disease processes can produce hypertension as well as contributing factors such as medications, obesity, smoking, and stress |
| Talipes | any of a number of deformities of the foot, especially congenital clubfoot; talipes valgus, heel turned outward; talipes varus, heel turned inward; generally characterized by a deformed talus and a shortened Achilles tendon, giving the foot a clubfoot appearance |
| Osteochondritis (Osgood-Schlatter disease) | a painful incomplete separation of the tibial tuberosity from the tibial shaft. It is often seen in active adolescent boys |
| Coxa plana (Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease) | ischemic necrosis leading to flattening of the femoral head |
| Muscular dystrophy | a congenital disorder characterized by wasting of skeletal muscles |
| Trendelenburg position | position is helpful in several radiographic procedures, such as separating redundant bowel loops and demonstration of hiatal hernias. It is also used in treating shock |
| Fowler's position | semisitting position in which the head of the bead is raised to an angle of at least 45 degrees; Knees may be flexed or horizontal; uses: convenient for eating, reading, visiting, watching TV; relief from lying positions; to promote lung expansion for client with respiratory problem; To assist a client to a sitting position on the edge of the bed |
| Sims' position | left posterior oblique (LPO) position with the right leg flexed up for insertion of the enema tip; , pt. is on left side w/left leg slightly flexed and the right leg sharply flexed upward; allows for exam of the anus and rectum |
| When transferring patients from stretcher to x-ray table, there are several rules that will reduce back strain | Pull, do not push, the patient; pushing increases friction and makes the transfer more difficult. Do not bend at the waist and pull; use your biceps for pulling the patient. Draw the patient as close to you as possible and then lift if necessary |
| chest drainage system | closed system that returns negative pressure to the intra pleural space,used to remove abnormal accumulation of air & fluid from pleural space, contains 3 separate chambers;chest tubes are used to remove air, blood, or fluid from the pleural cavity. By draining fluid from the pleural cavity, a collapsed lung, or atelectasis, may be relieved. By relieving the pressure from air in the pleural cavity, a pneumothorax may be reduced |
| components of chest drainage system | One component is a chamber that collects the draining fluid. Another component is the suction control chamber. A third component is the water seal chamber, which prevents air from the atmosphere from entering the system. The last component is the water seal venting chamber, which allows air to leave the system, thus preventing pressure buildup. In order for the unit to work properly, it must remain below the level of the chest |
| Orthopnea | respiratory condition in which the patient has difficulty breathing (dyspnea) in any position other than erect. The patient is usually comfortable in the erect, standing, or seated position |
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