Chapter 4 terms
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Created by:
ClaireTaylor on February 7, 2011
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19 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 ATP | is a molecule that transfers engery from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes. |
| ADP | is a lower energy molecule that can be converted into ATP by the addition of a phospate group. |
| Chemosynthesis | is a process by which some organsims use chemical energ instead of light energy-storing carbon-based molecules. |
| Photosynthesis | the process by which a cell captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy. |
| Chorophyll | is a molecule in chloroplast that absorbs some of the energy in visible light. |
| Thylakoids | stacks of coin-shaped membrane enclosed compartments |
| Light-dependent reactions | capture energy from sunlight. |
| Light-independent reactions | use energy from the light-dependent reactions to make sugars. |
| Photosystems | during the light-dependent reactions, energy is captured and transferred in the thylakoid membranes by two types of molecules. |
| Electron transport chain | a series of proteins in the membrane of thylakoid. |
| ATP synthesis | enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that adds a high-energy phosphate group to ADP to form ATP. |
| Calvin cycle | uses carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere and the energy carried by ATP and NADPH to make simple sugars |
| Celluar respiration | releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon-based malecules to make ATP when oxygen is present. |
| Aerobic | process which requires oxygen to occur. |
| Glycolysis | splits glucose into two three-carbon molecules and makes two molecules of ATP. |
| Anaerobic | process whiich doesn't require oxygen to occur. |
| Krebs cycle | produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellluar respiration. |
| Fermentation | doesn't make ATP but it allows glycosis to continue. |
| Lactic acid | product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells. |
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