| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Jefferson | president who believed in Indian's rights and did not want to forcibly remove them |
| Missouri Territory | Oklahoma became a part of this in 1812 |
| Treaty of Ghent | Ended the war of 1812 |
| Arkansas Territory | Oklahoma became a part of this in 1819 |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 | Act passed which abolished the Missouri Compromise and let the people decide through popular sovereignty |
| Missouri Compromise of 1820 | Act passed proposed by Henry Clay which admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state |
| Plains Indians | Tribes who roamed around an area of 500-800 sq. miles |
| Wichita | relocated from northern part of Oklahoma to the Red River to escape the Osage |
| Caddo | Lived along Red River, sociable and industrious; developed sign language |
| Comanche | Moved from North Platte River area in Wyoming to Central Plains; war, horses, and hunting were a major part of life |
| Thomas James | established a stockade post in 1822 near Canadian River and traded with the Comanche |
| Kiowa | Moved out of Montana and allied with the Crow tribe and moved to Central Plains and fought with the Comanche |
| Cutthroat Gap Massacre | 1833 Osage attack and kill some 150 Kiowa |
| Kiowa-Apache | allied with the Kiowa, known to roam the Great Plains |
| Kichai | Moved from Texas and Louisiana to western Oklahoma |
| Shawnee | moved into Oklahoma in early 1800s; southwestern bands known as Absentee Shawnee |
| Delaware | In Indian Territory as early as 1812 when they were at war with the Osage |
| Osage | large tribe often at war; friends with the Chouteaus |
| Salina | oldest permanent white settlement in Oklahoma established in 1821 by Joseph Revoir and the Chouteaus |
| Quapaw | lived in eastern Oklahoma; language similar to that of the Osage |
| Western Cherokee | often at war with the Osage, moved to Arkansas Territory from the Tennessee River |
| Lovely's Purchase Treaty 1916 | treaty in which Osage gave the Western Cherokee hunting land and the Osage received gifts |
| Fort Smith | 1817 the U.S. Secretary of War commissioned this failed fort |
| Cantonment Gibson | First federal fort in Indian Territory established by Col. Matthew Arbuckle in 1824 to protect Indian and white settlers |
| Cantonment Towson | Fort established where the Red and Kiamichi Rivers meet by Col. Matthew Arbuckle after Cantonment Gibson to protect the relocated Choctaw |
| Col. Matthew Arbuckle | established Cantonments Gibson and Towson |
| Jackson | president who ignored a supreme court ruling and forcibly removed the Indians |
| Sequoyah/George Guess | translated the Cherokee language into an alphabet |
| Cherokee Phoenix | first Cherokee newspaper established in 1828 |
| Samuel Worcester | translated the Bible into Cherokee |
| New Echota, Georgia | capital of the Cherokee |
| Worcester v. Georgia | case in which the Supreme Court sided with the Cherokee and was refused to be enforced by Andrew Jackson |
| Senator Edward Everett | Senator from Vermont who was against the Indian Removal Act |
| Senator Wilson Lumpkin | senator from Georgia who supported the Indian Removal Act |
| Treaty of Doak's Stand 1820 | first treaty to relocate the Choctaw |
| Choctaw Boundary Treaty 1825 | treaty removing white settlers from Choctaw land |
| Greenwood LeFlore, Moshulatubbe, and Nitakechi | Choctaw chiefs |
| John Eaton | Secretary of War |
| Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek 1830 | second treaty for the Choctaw to be removed |
| George Gaines | supervisor of Choctaw removal |
| Trail of Tears | term coined by the Choctaw removal |
| William McIntosh | chief of Lower Creek killed by his tribe because he ceded all their land in 1825 |
| Treaty of Indian Springs 1825 | treaty removing the Lower Creek |
| Treaty of Pontotoc Creek 1832 | treaty in removing the Chickasaw |
| John Marshall | Chief Justice of the Supreme Court |
| John Ross | Cherokee chief against the Treaty of New Echota |
| Major Ridge | Cherokee chief who signed the Treaty of New Echota and was consequently killed |
| Act of Union | an act passed by the Western and Eastern Cherokee uniting them as the Cherokee Nation |
| Treaty of Moultrie Creek 1823 | treaty providing the Seminole to move to the swampland in central Florida |
| Treaty of Payne's Landing 1832 | treaty calling for Seminole to move to Indian Territory when suitable land was found |
| Treaty of Fort Gibson | treaty in which Seminole agreed to leave Florida |
| Osceola | Seminole chief who led a fierce resistance, starting the Second Seminole War |
| The Stokes Commission | commission which was created to maintain peace in the Indian Territory head by Montfort Stokes |
| Montfort Stokes | appointed by Jackson to chair the Federal Commission in 1832 |
| Opothleyahola | chief of upper Creek |
| Blood Law | law passed in 1811 by the Creek Nation forbidding sale of Creek lands |
| Creek Rebellion | rebellion caused when land speculators began cheating the Indians |
| Treaty of Doaksville 1837 | treaty involving USA Government, Chickasaw, and Choctaw in which Choctaw are paid $500,000 to allow the Chickasaw to live on their land |
| Southwest Oklahoma | Area the Chickasaw Nation occupied |
| Southeast Oklahoma | Area the Choctaw Nation occupied |
| Northeast Oklahoma | Area the Cherokee Nation occupied |
| West Central Oklahoma | Area the Seminole occupied |
| East Central Oklahoma | Area the Creek Nation occupied |
| Panhandle | No Man's Land |
| Cherokee Outlet | Area 60 mi north/south strip with a "perpetual outlet west" |
| Chief Menawa | Creek chief who led the Red Sticks in the First Creek War; died in the removal |
| Oath of Allegiance | treaty to white settlers living on Indian land by Georgia; required them to follow Georgia laws; if not signed they were thrown into prison |
| Treaty Party | Group of 2,000 Cherokees under the chiefs who signed the Treaty of New Echota |
| Treaty of New Echota 1835 | treaty removing the Cherokee |
| Chouteau | established earliest settlement in Oklahoma |
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