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personality the pattern of psychology and behavioral characteristics by which each person can be compared and contrasted with others psychodynamic approach freud's view that personality is based on the interplay of unconscious mental processes id the unconscious portion of personality that contains basic impulses and urges libido the psychic energy contained in the id pleasure principle the id's operating principle, which guides people toward whatever feels good ego the part of the personality that mediates conflicts between and among the demands of the id, the superego, and the real world reality principle the operating principle of the ego that creates compromises between the id's demands and those of the real world superego the component of personality that tells people what they should and should not do defense mechanisms a psychological response that helps protect a person from anxiety and guilt psychosexual stages periods of personality development in which, according to freud, conflicts focus on particular issues oral stage the first of freud's psychosexual stages, in which the mouth is the center of pleasure and conflict anal stage the second of freud's psychosexual stages, usually occurring during the 2nd year of life, in whihc the focus of pleasure and conflict shifts from the mouth to the anus phallic stage the 3rd of freud's psychosexual stages, in which the focus of pleasure and conflict shifts to the genital area oedipus complex a pattern described by freud in which a boy has sexual desire for his mother and wants to eliminate his father's competition for her attention electra complex a pattern described by freud in whihc a young girl develops an attachment to her father and competes with her mother for his attention latency period the 4th of freuds psychosexual stages, in which sexual impulses lie dormant genital stage the last stage of freuds psychosexual stages, which begins during adolescence, when sexual impulses appear at the conscious level trait approach a perspective in which personality is seen as a combination of characteristics that people display over time and across situations