| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Halifax | the main British naval port in the West Atlantic in1749 |
| Battle of the Plains of Abraham | Quebec was captured after this battle |
| Royal Proclamation | Signed in 1763. Meant to protect Natives from uncontrolled white settlements |
| Quebec Act | Signed in 1774, intended to reorganize the way these British territories were governed |
| Thirteen Colonies | British colonies to the south of Quebec |
| Loyalist Americans | Colonists who remained loyal to the British king |
| American Revolution | British settlers who rebelled against England in the Thirteen Colonies |
| Mississippi River | River system in the mid part of United States. |
| General Isaac Brock | military commander during the War of 1812. Brock's bold initiatives in ordering the capture of Michilimackinac and in leading attacks on AMHERSTBURG and Detroit raised the confidence of the militia. He was killed by a sharpshooter when leading troops against an American battery on QUEENSTON HEIGHTS |
| Lieutenant-Governor | Head of government in Quebec |
| Chateau Clique | Wealthy ruling group who controlled Lower Canada |
| Louis-Joseph Papineau | Leader of the French in the assembly in Lower Canada |
| Republican | Form of government opposing the monarchy |
| Family Compact | Wealthy ruling group who controlled Upper Canada |
| William Lyon Mackenzie | Leader of the reformers in Upper Canada. |
| Lord Durham | He was sent to investigate the causes of the rebellions and to propose changes. |
| Responsible government | A system which requires that government ministers should be elected members of the legislative assembly, not appointed by the governor |
| Act of Union | This act united Upper and Lower Canada into one colony |
| Robert Baldwin | Popularizer of responsible government and one of the first proponents of a bicultural nation. |
| Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine | Politician from Lower Canada who demonstrated French/English cooperation with Robert baldwin and went on to shape democratic reforms in British North America. |
| Samuel Hearne | explorer, fur trader (b at London, Eng 1745; d there Nov 1792). He joined the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) and first European to reach the Arctic Ocean in 1766 |
| David Thompson | fur trader, explorer, surveyor, mapmaker (b at London, Eng 30 Apr 1770; d at Longueuil, Canada E 10 Feb 1857). Apprenticed to the HUDSON'S BAY CO in 1784, Thompson devoted most of his life to the study of geography and the practice of mapmaking. The maps, based primarily on his own explorations and observations, were the first to provide a comprehensive view of the vast western territories that became part of Canada in 1870 |
| North-West Company | A major force in the FUR TRADE from the 1780s to 1821. |
| Hudson Bay Company | The oldest incorporated joint stock company in the English-speaking world. Begun in 1670 and run as a monopoly devoted to the fur trade. |
| John A. Macdonald | First prime minister of Canada |
| George Brown | Journalist, politician (b at Alloa, Scot 29 Nov 1818; d at Toronto, Ont 9 May 1880). First a fierce opponent then a staunch supporter of Confedration. |
| Industrial Revolution | Change in technology, brought about by improvements in machinery and by use of steam power |
| Great Migration | Period of immigration to Canada from 1815 to 1850. |
| Confederation | The union of the British North American colonies of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Canada. Achieved 1 July 1867. |
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