H. Bio 2: Genetics
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Created by:
bluephoria on February 8, 2011
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19 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Gregor Mendel | father of genetics; 19th century monk; argued that parents pass onto their offspring discrete heritable factors; cross-bred pea plants |
| gene | segment on chromosome (3 N bases) |
| alleles | alternate forms of the same gene |
| homozygous | 2 identical alleles for a given trait |
| heterozygous | 2 diff alleles for a given trait |
| genotype | genetic makeup; specific gene that makes up allele |
| law of dominance | in a pair of genes, the dominant trait is expressed; one trait is "masked" by other trait |
| with respect to meiosis | - each gamete contins a copy of each chromosome - each chromosome is made up of genes - each gene consists of an allele - each allele in the Punnett Squares represents a gene |
| law of segregation | alleles from F1 separate and recombine in F2 |
| law of independent assortment | traits can separate and recombine independently of other traits |
| genetics | scientific study of heredity and hereditary variations |
| locus | particular site on a chromosome where gene is found |
| codominance | equal expression of both alleles; ex: blood type |
| incomplete dominance | traits blend |
| polygenic inheritance | additive effect of 2 or more gene loci on a single phenotype; ex: height, skin color, weight |
| sex-linked traits | genes located on either sex chromosomes |
| hybrid | heterozygous individuals |
| pure | homozygous individuals |
| linked genes | genes on the same chromosome stay together during assortment and move as a group |
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