DNA and RNA
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Created by:
christopher_j_b on February 8, 2011
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid. A nucleic acid that has nucleotides. |
| 3 Parts of DNA | Phosphate Group, 5 Carbon Sugar, and a Nitrogenous Base. |
| Nitrogenous Bases | Adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). |
| Pyrimidines | Thymine and cytosine. |
| Purines | Adenine and guanine. |
| 2 rings | Purines |
| 1 Ring | Pyrimidines |
| Chargraff's Rule | A=T and C=G |
| Rosalind Franklin | Scientist who took the first picture of DNA. |
| Double Helix | Shape of DNA. James Watson and Francis Crick discovered it. |
| A pairs with T | 2 Hydrogen Bonds |
| C pairs with G | 3 Hydrogen Bonds |
| RNA | Ribonucleic Acid. Long chain of nucleotides. 3 Main Differences from DNA. 1. Contains Nitrogenous Base Urecil instead of thymine. 2. RNA is single stranded rather than double. 3. Contains the 5 Carbon Sugar, Ribose |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | Carries instructions for assembling amino acids from RNA to the rest of the cell |
| Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | A form of RNA that helps make ribosomes |
| Transfer RNA (tRNA) | Carries amino acids to the ribosomes where the coded message in mRNA is being translated |
| Central Dogma | Involves three processes. Replication, Transcription, and Translation. |
| Replication | Makes DNA |
| Transcription | Converts DNA into RNA |
| Translation | Converting the RNA message into amino acid |
| DNA Replication | The process by which DNA is copied during the Cell Cycle. DNA strands serve as a template to make the other. |
| Helicase | A protein that unzips the DNA and holds the 2 strands apart |
| DNA Polymerase | A protein that brings new nucleotides together to make the new strands. Also acts as a proofreader. |
| DNA Ligase | A protein that binds pieces of DNA together to make the new strand |
| Okazaki Fragments | DNA fragments that must be pieced together |
| Semiconservative | On replicated DNA, one strand is old, one is new |
| Transcription | The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complimentary strand of RNA |
| RNA polymerase | Holds DNA strands apart and pieces together nucleotides to make a new RNA strand from one side of the DNA molecule |
| Promoters | Base sequences that signal where transcription should start |
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