Chapter 3
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Created by:
toxic_paroxysm on February 9, 2011
Subjects:
structures of the external cell
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19 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Extracellular Matrix (ECM) | Layer of protein and polysaccharide, commonly referred to as glycoproteins, found outside the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Sometimes referred to as the glycocalyx |
| Glycoproteins | proteins and polysaccharides, produced by the cells |
| 3 Main Types of Glycoproteins | Fibronectin, Collagen, Proteoglycan |
| Fibronectin | attache the ECM to the plasma membrane of the cell. More specifically, they bind to receptor proteins called integrins, which are embedded in the plasma membrane. The integrins are bound to microfilaments of the cytosleleton on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. |
| Collagen | Most abundant of the glycoproteins in the ECM, bound to the fibronectin and also is in a network of proteoglycan fibers. |
| Proteoglycan | Glycoproteins that have a very high Carbohydrate contents - up to 95% |
| Functions of the ECM | Strengthens the cell surface, promotes attachment b/w cells, coordinates behavior of cells within a tissue, and regulation of cell function. |
| How does the ECM regulate Cell function? | Signals from the ECM can be transmitted into the cytoskeleton by way of Integrins. The integrins "integrate" signals. It is thought that these messages can influence the activity of genes in the nucleus. |
| Cytoskeleton | The cells interior |
| Cilia and Flagella | Projections on the surface of the cell that contains cytoplasm and are and extension of the plasma membrane. They are anchored to the plasma membrane by a basal body. |
| Internal Cilia and Flagella | Consists of 9 pairs of microtubules and 2 central microtubules (9+2 arrangement) |
| Microtubules | Long hollow tubes composed of the protein Tubulin |
| Dynein | Protein that holds the outer doublets and central microtubules together |
| Dynein + ATP | Responsible for the movement of the cilia and the flagella |
| Cilia | projections are numerous and short, beating patterns have a back and forth motion that move the cell in a direction that is perpendicular to the axis of the cilium. |
| Flagella | Projections are few and long, has an undulating motion that drive the cell in teh same direction as the axis of the flagellum. |
| Functions of Cilia | Movement of the cell, also serves as a non-specific defense mechanism |
| Example of how Cilia serves in defense | In our respiratory system the cilia serve as a mechanical barrier to microorganisms by moving foreign material up toward the mouth |
| Function of Flagella | Movement of the cell |
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