6 Written Questions

1. Which of the following are guidelines for effective reinforcement?
   1) Choosing reinforcers that are not relevant to the target behavior
   2) Using reinforcers of low magnitude
   3) Delaying the delivery of a reinforcer
   4) Using the same reinforcers over and over again
   5) None of these
2. Practitioners increase the effectiveness of positive reinforcement when they attend to the ________ of stimulus presentation.
   1) Arrangement
   2) Management
   3) Administration
   4) All of these
   5) None of these
3. What information does a concurrent schedule reinforcer assessment provide?
   1) A rank order of preference for a variety of stimuli.
   2) How often children will select one stimulus versus another to indicate preference
   3) Whether or not a stimulus functions as a reinforcer and how effective that stimulus is as a reinforcer compared to other stimuli
   4) All of these
   5) None of these
4. Which schedule reinforcer assessment consists of two or more component schedules of reinforcement for a single response with only one component schedule in effect at any given time?
   1) Progressive-Ratio
   2) Multiple
   3) Mixed
   4) Concurrent
   5) All of these
   6) None of these
5. A teacher wants to deliver a sticker to Johnny every time he says "Please." This would be considered positive reinforcement if:
   1) The behavior of saying "Please" increases over time.
   2) The behavior of saying "Please" decreases over time.
   3) The behavior of saying "Please" does not change over time.
   4) The behavior of sticker giving decreases over time.
6. A neutral stimulus can be made into a reinforcer by:
   1) Pairing it with an unconditioned stimulus
   2) Pairing it with an unconditioned response
   3) Presenting it individually after a response multiple times
   4) A neutral stimulus cannot be utilized as a reinforcer

6 Multiple Choice Questions

1. An example of a motivating operation is:
   1) Hunger
   2) Hay fever
   3) Argument with significant other
   4) All of these
   5) None of these
   1. 1
   2. 6
   3. 5
   4. 4
2. The qualifications to be considered when utilizing positive reinforcement are:
   1) Delay between response and consequence
   2) Stimulus conditions when response was emitted
   3) Strength of motivation
   4) All of these
   1. 1
   2. 3
   3. 2
   4. 4
3. Which could be used as a control condition when evaluating the effects of a reinforcement-based procedure?
   1) Noncontingent reinforcement
   2) Differential reinforcement of other behavior
   3) Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
   4) All of these
   5) None of these
   1. 3
   2. 4
   3. 1
   4. 5
4. When two or more contingencies of reinforcement operate independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviors, what schedule of reinforcement is in effect?
   1) Multiple
   2) Mixed
   3) Progressive-Ratio
   4) Concurrent
   5) All of these
   6) None of these
   1. 5
   2. 4
   3. 1
   4. 3
5. Heather hears a phone ring, then picks up the phone. Her husband talks with her over the phone. What is the behavior in this three-term contingency?
   1) Husband talking
   2) Heather picks up the phone
   3) Phone ringing
   4) None of these
   1. 5
   2. 2
   3. 3
   4. 4
6. An example of unconditioned reinforcer(s) is:
   1) Food
   2) Water
   3) Oxygen
   4) Warmth
   5) Sexual stimulation
   6) All of these
   1. 4
   2. 3
   3. 6
   4. 5

6 True/False Questions

1. 1 → Heather hears a phone ring, then picks up the phone. Her husband talks with her over the phone. What is the behavior in this three-term contingency?
   1) Husband talking
   2) Heather picks up the phone
   3) Phone ringing
   4) None of these

   True        False

2. 5 → Heather hears a phone ring, then picks up the phone. Her husband talks with her over the phone. What is the behavior in this three-term contingency?
   1) Husband talking
   2) Heather picks up the phone
   3) Phone ringing
   4) None of these

   True        False

3. 1 → Which of the following is not an appropriate way to identify potential reinforcers?
   1) Pick a stimulus that is reinforcing for someone else
   2) Ask the person or significant other what is reinforcing
   3) Observe the person
   4) Measure the person's responses to trial-based tests

   True        False

4. 4 → An example of unconditioned reinforcer(s) is:
   1) Food
   2) Water
   3) Oxygen
   4) Warmth
   5) Sexual stimulation
   6) All of these

   True        False

5. 2 → The presentation of a potential reinforcer on a fixed or variable schedule independent of the occurrence of the target behavior is also referred to as:
   1) Contingent reinforcement
   2) Noncontingent reinforcement
   3) Contingent punishment
   4) Noncontingent punishment
   5) None of these
   6) All of these

   True        False

6. 4 → The model for predicting whether (a) access to one behavior will function as reinforcement for another behavior based on the relative baseline rates at which each behavior occurs and (b) whether contingent access to one of the behaviors represents a restriction compared to the baseline level of engagement is known as the:
   1) Response-satiation hypothesis
   2) Response-contingency hypothesis
   3) The Premack Principle
   4) Response-deprivation hypothesis
   5) None of these

   True        False