7th Grade American Century Exam Keywords
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cjnthinkpink on February 9, 2011
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A complete overview of chapter 10,11,12,13 keywords and topics.
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91 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Militarism | The belief that a nation needs a large military force. DO YOU NEED EXTRA HELP? Go to: http://historyexamstudy.wikispaces.micds.org |
| Imperialism | The act of competing with other countries for colonies |
| Nationalism | Strong feelings of pride and protectiveness towards one's country |
| Central Powers | Enemies of the allies, made of Austria-Hungary, Germany, the Ottoman empire (Turkey) and Bulgaria |
| Allies (WWI) | Enemies of the Central Powers made of Serbia, Russia. France, Great Britain, Italy and other countries |
| trench warfare | A form of battling that involves fighting from inside trenches using machine guns and tanks, and poison gas. |
| U-boat | The first form of submarines, created by the Germans |
| Woodrow Wilson | President of the united states in 1914. Kept America neutral until the arrival of the Zimmermann telegram. |
| neutrality | non-participation in a dispute or war |
| Zimmermann telegram | A telegram sent to Mexico by Germany offering return of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico if Mexico assisted in the war against the USA |
| Vladimir Lenin | Founder of the communistic group in Russia. Last Russian ruler before Stalin and the communist take over. |
| communism | a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership |
| John Pershing | General in the AEF, 2 million soldiers went to France |
| AEF | American Expeditionary Force was the first American ground troops to reach the European front. Commanded by Pershing, they began arriving in France in the summer of 1917. |
| convoy system | the protection of merchant ships from U-boat-German submarine-attacks by having the ships travel in large groups escorted by warships |
| Second Battle of the Marne | The first battle that the US participated in overseas. They stopped Germany from taking France, turning point of World War One |
| Alvin York | War hero who single handedly killed 25 men and help captive 132 Germans |
| Armistice | an temporary agreement to stop fighting |
| war bonds | Loan like bonds sold by the government to first raise money for World War One |
| propaganda | Information that is spread for the purpose of promoting the war effort. Ex. Propaganda posters |
| Espionage Act | An act passed by congress in 1917 making it illegal to criticize the war. |
| Sedition Act | An act passed by congress in 1918 making it illegal to not enter the draft with out an excuse and illegal to criticize the war. |
| Oliver Holmes | Man who wrote the courts opinion in the Schenck vs. United States case. Schenck was accused of violating the Espionage and Sedition acts. |
| Great Migration | movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920 to escape racsim in the south and work in soldiers jobs |
| League of Nations | A group like the U.N, settles international conflicts through debates |
| Fourteen Points | When Wilson addressed congress about secret treaties and freedom of the seas. |
| Treaty of Versailles | Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty stripped Germany of all its military. Forced Germany to repair war damages and acknowledge guilt for causing WWI. This also stopped the manufacture of weapons in Germany. |
| reparations | Money that a defeated nation must pay for destruction cause by war. |
| Red Scare | Fear of a communistic revolution in America |
| Reds | Communists |
| Anarchists | Radicals opposing any form of government |
| Palmer raids | An event in which 6000 people were arrested and their homes were searched without warrant. This was a precautionary of the Red Scare. |
| Warren Harding | President after WWI. Wanted "less government in business and more business in government." Did not approve of government regulations |
| Teapot Dome Scandal | a government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921 |
| laissez faire | policy based on the idea that government should play as small a role as possible in the economy |
| Calvin Coolidge | Became president when Harding died. Tried to clean up scandals by Harding. Business prospered and people's wealth increased. 1923-1929 |
| isolationist | People who wanted the United States to stay out of world affairs, except for self-defense. Both Harding and Coolidge believed in this. |
| Kellogg-Briand Pact | agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another except for self-defense |
| assembly line | Created by Ford Co., increased production rate. |
| installment buying | A consumers buys products by promising to pay small, regular amounts over a period of time. Like a credit card, except unregulated. |
| flapper | young woman in the 1920s who rebelled against traditional ways of thinking and acting |
| Prohibition | the law that said alcoholic beverages could not legally be manufactured, transported, or sold in the U.S. |
| Al Capone | A mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits. His illegal activities convey the failure of prohibition in the twenties and the problems with gangs. |
| NAACP | The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People tried to protect the constitutional right of African Americans. An act that wasn't passed by congress. |
| Marcus Gravey | Found of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Wanted Africans to return to Africa for a new nation. |
| fundamentalism | Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion. |
| Ku Klux Klan | Known as the KKK. Used violence against certain groups in America. Founded in the 1860s in the south; meant to control Catholics, Jews, immigrants and others thought to be un-American through threats and violence. |
| jazz | Form of music and dance became popular in the 20s. Originated in Louisiana. |
| mass media | forms of communication, such as newspapers and radio, that reach millions of people |
| Popular culture | Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics. AKA pop culture. |
| Harlem Renaissance | The artistic rebirth of African-American hope, A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished |
| Lost Generation | Group of writers in 1920s who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often choose to flee to Europe |
| expatriates | People who choose to live in another country beside their own |
| Herbert Hoover | President of the U.S from 1923-1933 leader of the US in the beginning of the great depression. He didn't want the government involved in the peoples lives and thought that the people should express their individual rights. |
| speculation | Buying and selling stocks in hope of making a quick profit |
| buying on margin | Paying a down payment on stock and borrowed the rest. When they sold the stock they payed off the loan and kept the rest of the money. |
| Black Tuesday | October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed. Lead to the Crash of 1929 |
| Crash of 1929 | October 29; fell 23% over black Monday and Tuesday; borrowed funds to buy stocks was the cause of the crash- potential to borrow 78% of the price; took 25 years to recover. |
| Great Depression | the economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s. |
| public works projects | publicly used facilities, such as schools and highways, built by federal, state, or local governments with public money |
| Bonus Army | Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their government war bonuses in cash |
| Franklin Roosevelt | The 32nd president of the United States. He was president from 1933 until his death in 1945 during both the Great Depression and World War II. He is the only president to have been elected 4 times. Led America out of the Great Depression. |
| fireside chat | A address to the public by Roosevelt. |
| Hundred Days | The famous congress session that passed laws supporting relief, recovery, and reform during 100 days. |
| Social Security Act | guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health. |
| New Deal | A serise of programs that helped support the three rs in the Hundred Days. |
| Second New Deal | A new set of programs and reforms launched by FDR in 1935 |
| deficit spending | Government practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes. |
| Dust Bowl | Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | Wife of Franklin Roosevelt and a strong advocate of human rights (1884-1962) |
| CIO | a federation of North American industrial unions that merged with the American Federation of Labor in 1955 |
| sit-down strike | Work stoppage in which workers shut down all machines and refuse to leave a factory until their demands are met. |
| Securities and Exchange Commission | Government agency having primary responsibility for enforcing the Federal securities laws and regulating the securities industry. It protected investors, listened to complaints, issued licenses and penalized fraud. |
| liberal | a person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties |
| conservative | a person who believes government power, particularly in the economy, should be limited in order to maximize individual freedom |
| Bataan Death March | April 1942, American soldiers were forced to march 65 miles to prison camps by their Japanese captors. It is called the Death March because so may of the prisoners died en route. |
| Battle of Midway | U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II. |
| Island Hopping | the American navy attacked islands held by the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. The capture of each successive island from the Japanese brought the American navy closer to an invasion of Japan. |
| Manhattan Project | The code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II |
| Hiroshima | City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II. |
| War Production Board | During WWII, FDR established it to allocated scarce materials, limited or stopped the production of civilian goods, and distributed contracts among competing manufacturers |
| Rationing | a limited portion or allowance of food or goods; limitation of use |
| Rosie the Riveter | A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part. |
| A. Phillip Randolph | organized a march on Washington DC to protest treatment of black workers in government industries |
| Bracero Program | United States labor agents recruited thousands of farm and railroad workers from Mexico. The program stimulated emigration for Mexico. |
| Japanese-American Internment | Roosevelt signed a document Feb. 19,1942 stating that all people of Japanese ancestry from California and parts of Washington, Oregon, and Arizona, needed to be removed. Put them in internment camps because of their fear for another attack by the Japanese. |
| Marshall Plan | a United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952) |
| G.I Bill of Rights | Also known as Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 gave money to veterans to study in colleges, universities, gave medical treatment, loans to buy a house or farm or start a new business |
| Nuremberg Trials | Trials of the Nazi leaders, showed that people are responsible for their actions, even in wartime |
| United Nations | an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security |
| Fascism | Started in the 1930s, Italy by Mussolini. It is extreme patriotism to the point of racism |
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