Chapter 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue Part 1
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115 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 skeletal, cardiac, and smooth | What are the three types of muscle tissue? |
| Structure, location, function, and means of activation | What are the 4 things that differentiate the 3 different muscle types? |
| skeletal muscles | what kind of muscle are responsible for locomotion? |
| cardiac muscles | What muscle are responsible for coursing the blood through the body? |
| Smooth Muscles | What muscle help maintain blood pressure, and squezes or propels substances (i.e., food, feces) through organs? |
| Posture, stabilize joints, and generate heat | What do muscles maintain? |
| Excitability | What is the ability to receive and respond to stimuli? |
| Irritability | What is another name for excitability? |
| Contractility | What is the ability to shorten forcibly? |
| Extensibility | What is the ability to be stretched or extended? |
| Elasticity | What is the ability to recoil and resume the orginal resting length? |
| overlapping myofilaments | What do striations come from? |
| Skeletal muscles | What attaches to and covers the bony skeleton? |
| Skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles | What muscle tissues are striated? |
| Skeletal muscles | What muscle tissues are controlled voluntarily? |
| skeletal muscles | What muscle contracts rapidly but tires easily? |
| Skeletal Muscles | What muscle tissue is responsible for overall body motility? |
| Skeletal Muscles | What muscle is extremely adaptable and can exert forces ranging from a fraciton of an ounce to over 70 pounds? |
| Cardiac Muscles | What muscle tissue occurs only in the heart? |
| Cardiac muscles and Smooth Muscles | What muscle tissues are involuntarily controlled? |
| Cardiac Muscles | What muscle tissues contract at a fairly steady rate set by the heart's pacemaker? |
| Cardiac Muscles | What muscle tissues have neural controls that allow the heart to respond to changes in bodily needs? |
| Smooth Muscles | What muscle tissues are found in the walls of hollow visceral organs, such as the stomach, the urinary bladder, and the respiratory passages? |
| Smooth Muscles | What muscle tissues force food and other substanes through internal body channels? |
| Smooth Muscles | what muscle tissues ar enot striated? |
| Nervous System | What body system does excitability (irritability) work with? |
| Muscle Fibers | What is another name for Muscle cells? |
| Muscle Cells | What is another name for muscle fibers? |
| Sarcomere | What is one contractile unit? |
| muscle tissue, blood vessels, nerve fibers, and connective tissue | Each muscle is a discrete organ composed of what 4 things? |
| Endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium | What are the three connective tissue sheaths? |
| Endomysium | What is a fine sheath of connective tissue composed of reticular fibers surrounding each muscle fiber? |
| Perimysium | What is a fibrous connective tissue that surrounds groups f muscle fibers called fascicles? |
| Epimysium | What is an overcoat of dense regular connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle? |
| Fascicles | What do a bundle of fibers form? |
| A Tendon | What a lot of Epimysium bunches up, what does it form? |
| one nerve, an artery, and one or more veins | What is each skeletal muscle served by? |
| contraction | Each skeletal muscle fiber is supplied with a nere ending that controls what? |
| oxygen and nutrients via arteries | Contracting fibers require continuous delivery of what? |
| veins | Wastes must be removed from skeletal muscles via what? |
| they span joints | Most skeletal muscles are found where? |
| at least two places | Most skeletal muscle are attached to bone in how many places? |
| The immovable bone (the muscle's origin) | when muscles contract the movable bone, the muscle's insertino moves toward what? |
| Aponeurosis | What is another name for a tendon? |
| Directly | How is the skeletal muscle attached when the epimysium of the muscle is fused to the periosteum of a bone? |
| Indirectly | How is the skeletal muscle attached when connective tissue wrappings extend beyond the muscle as a tendon or aponeurosis? |
| Syncytium | What is a work for "to work as a group"? |
| myoglobin | What is similar to hemoglobin but is found in muscle? |
| Syncytium | What is a cell structure that is multinucleate, and has a lot f cytoplasm? |
| Mouse | When translated the latin word "mus" means? |
| Glycosomes | What are similar to lysosomes? |
| Myoglobin | What is similar to hemoglobin but is found muscles? |
| Syncytium | What is a cell structure that is multinucleate, and has a lot of cytoplasm? |
| the sarcolemma | Each finber is a long, cylindrical cell with multiple nuclei just beneath what? |
| long and cylindrical | What does a skeletal muscle fiber look like? |
| embryonic cells | Each cell is a syncytium produced by the fusion of what? |
| glycosomes and myoglobin | Sarcoplasm has a numerous amount of what two things? |
| The sarcoplasm | What has numerous glycosomes and a unique oxygen-binding protein called myoglobin? |
| myoglobin | What is a unique oxygen-binding protein? |
| in the liver and muscles | Where is glycogen found? |
| short bursts of energy | What form of energy is sugar stored in muscles good for? |
| Myofibrils | What are densely packed, rodlike contractile elements? |
| Myofibrils | What make up most of the muscle volume? |
| Myofibrils | What within a fiber has the arrangement that has a perfectly aligned repeating series of dark A bands and light I bands that is evident? |
| A Bands and I bands | What form striations on muscle fibers? |
| Mitochondria | What converts energy sources to ATP? |
| Mitochondria | What is the power house of the cell (energy (ATP) conversion)? |
| Sarcolemma | What is the membrane found in muscle cells? |
| Sarcomeres | What are the smallest contractile unit of a muscle? |
| Sarcomeres | What is the region of a myofibril between two successive Z discs? |
| Sarcomeres | What are composed of myofilaments made up of contractile proteins? |
| thick and thin | What are the two types of myofilaments? |
| Myosin | What does the "I" band not have? |
| H-Zone | What is the center of the Sarcomere? |
| A-Band | What band has overlapping of Myosin and Actin? |
| Thick filaments | What extend the entire length of an A band? |
| Thin filaments | What extend across the "I" band and partway into the A band? |
| Z-disc | What is a coin shaped sheet of proteins (connectins) that anchors the thin filaments and connects myofibrils to one another? |
| Z-Line | What is another name for the Z-disc? |
| thin filaments | What do no overlap thick filaments in the lighter H-zone? |
| Thick filaments | Thin filaments do not over lap what in the lighter H zone? |
| M-Lines | What appear darker due to the presence of the protein desmin |
| Desmin | The M lines appear darker due to the presence of what protein? |
| polypeptide | What is a protein that has many amino acids? |
| cross bridges | What causes contractions? |
| Thick Filaments | What filaments are composed of the protein myosin? |
| a rod-like tail and two globular heads | What does each myosin molecule have? |
| Tails | Whta are two interwoven, heavy polypeptide chains? |
| Heads | What are two smaller, light polypeptide chains called cross bridges? |
| Thin Filaments | What filaments are chiefly composed of the protein actin? |
| Each actin molecule | What is a helical polymer of globular subunits called G actin? |
| G Actin | What are the globular subunits of the helical polymer called? |
| Myosin Heads | What attaches to the active sites on the G actin subunits? |
| Tropomyosin and Troponin | What are regulatory subunits bound to actin? |
| tropomyosin | What are the binding sites of actin covered by? |
| pulling on the periosteum | What builds muscle and bone strength? |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | What is an elaborate, smooth endoplasmic reticulum that mostly runs longitudinally and surrounds each myofibril? |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | What surrounds each myofibril and runs longitudinally? |
| Paired terminal cisternae | What in the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum form perpendicular cross channels? |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | What function sn the regulation of intracellular calcium levels? |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | What is the storehouse for Calcium in muscles? |
| T-Tubules | What penetrate into the cells interior at each A band- I Band junction? |
| T-Tubules | What are associated with the paired terminal cisternae to form triads? |
| Calcium | When the T-Tubules penetrates into the cell what does it release? |
| T-tubules | What are continuos with the sarcolemma? |
| T-tubules | What conduct impulses to the deepest regions of the muscle? |
| The adjacent terminal Cisternae | When the T-tubules conduct impules to the deepest regions of the muscle the impules signal for the release of Ca2+ from what? |
| The electrical impulses through the T-tubules | What changes the permeability and causes the terminal cisternae to release calcium to the t-tubule? |
| T-tubules and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | What provide tightly linked signals for muscle contraction? |
| The Intermembrane space | The double zipper of integral membrane proteins protrudes into what? |
| T-tubule proteins | what act as voltage sensors? |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum foot proteins | What are receptors that regulate Ca2+ release from the SR cisternae? |
| actin and myosin filaments | Thin filaments slide past the thick ones so that what can overlap to a greater degree? |
| the relaxed state | In what state does the thin and thick filaments overlap only slightly? |
| myosin heads | Upon stimulation, what binds to the actin and sliding begins? |
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