| Term | Definition |
|---|
| thylakoids | saclike photosynthetic membranes inside chloroplasts |
| photosystems | clusters of chlorophyll and pigments organized by protein in the thylakoid membrane |
| stroma | region outside thylakoid membrane |
| NADP+ | one of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules |
| light-dependent reactions | reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH |
| ATP synthase | large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP |
| Calvin cycle | reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars |
| autotrophs | organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer |
| heterotrophs | organism that obtains energy from the food it consumes; also called a consumer |
| ATP | one of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store and release energy |
| Jan van Helmont | concluded that trees gain most of their mass from water |
| Joseph Priestley | concluded that plants release oxygen |
| jan Ingenhousz | concluded that plants needed sunlight to produce oxygen |
| Melvin Calvin | created the Calvin Cycle |
| photosynthesis | process in which plants use the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy carbohydrates |
| pigments | light-absorbing molecules that capture the sun's energy |
| chlorophyll | principal pigment for plants |
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