metabolism basics
About this set
Created by:
jhoekstra on February 10, 2011
Subjects:
cellular respiration photosynthesis metabolism nutrients energy
Description:
Will help you master the basic terminology of cellular metabolism. When you have practiced enough to do well on the quizzes, you can return to the concept map challenge and try to USE your new grasp of the vocabulary.
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 carbon dioxide, water | In photosynthesis, producer cells take up ____ and ____. They use these raw materials to make glucose. In cellular respiration, cells release _____ and _____ as waste products left over from the breakdown of glucose. |
| chloroplast | Photosynthesis takes place in this GREEN cell organelle. |
| glucose | An organic molecule. This sugar is the product or result of photosynthesis. |
| photosynthesis | Plants make their own food from simple raw materials through this process. |
| energy | The ability to do work, or the ability to make something change. |
| chemical potential energy | Plants and animals use the ___ from food to carry out life processes. |
| mitochondria | Cellular respiration takes place in this cell organelle. Found in all eukaryote cells (plant, animal, fungal, etc.). |
| carbon dioxide | This gas is a nutrient for producer cells - a simple building block that is their starting material for making glucose. It is a waste for virtually all cells and is also created when we burn organic fuels (wood, fossil fuels). Its buildup in the atmosphere is a concern because it acts as a greenhouse gas. |
| oxygen gas | This gas is released by cells that are doing photosynthesis and is required (used) by cells that are doing cellular respiration. |
| ATP | A charged cellular "battery" that is used to deliver energy to make things happen in cells - it powers all cellular work. Three phosphate groups are linked in a chain (TriPhospate). |
| ADP | A "dead" cellular "battery" that must be recharged. To get work done, the third phosphate group was transferred to a target protein. Now we have only two linked phosphates (DiPhosphate). |
| cellular respiration | a process that takes energy from sugar and uses it to convert ADP to ATP (charged battery) for use in the cell |
| consumer cell | A cell that cannot make its own food. Usually these cells are NOT green. Includes many cells in plants (roots, stems, etc.), all animal and fungal cells, and most bacteria. |
| release more carbon dioxide than they take in | Consumer cells do this, because they convert organic matter to carbon dioxide but they cannot use or absorb carbon dioxide |
| take up more carbon dioxide than they release | Producer cells do this, because they convert carbon dioxide to sugar. This will be true as long as the producer cell is growing. |
| recharged battery | ATP |
| uncharged or "dead" battery | ADP |
| sun | The source of energy that powers photosynthesis and keeps ecosystems running. |
| green | The color of photosynthetic producer cells. Special pigments allow these cells to absorb and use light energy. |
| anabolism | Chemical reactions that usually involve connecting building blocks into larger structures. Photosynthesis is an example. |
| catabolism | Chemical reactions that usually involve breaking stuff down into smaller, simpler parts. Cellular respiration is an example. |
| fungi | Eukaryote that is a consumer and gets its food by absorption; many are decomposers; includes mushrooms, mold, and yeast. |
| plant | Eukaryote that has photosynthetic producer cells (in leaves) that supply food to many additional consumer cells (in roots, stems, fruits, seeds, etc.). |
| seed | A plant reproductive structure. Contains an embryo and a supply of food provided by the parent plant. |
| bacteria | Prokaryotic cells. Most are consumers of dead organic matter (decomposers). |
| decomposers | Consumer cells that take dead organic matter (complex molecules), extract energy and nutrients, and release simple building blocks (carbon dioxide, water) plus heat energy. |
| cellular work | Changes that happen in cells (movement, building new structures). These changes are powered by ATP. ATP reacts with protein. Protein flexes or changes. ADP (dead battery) is released and must be recharged. |
| light | Energy source that photosynthetic producer cells USE to do the work of making glucose from carbon dioxide and water. |
| heat | A low-level type of energy. All life releases it as a kind of waste product, and it cannot be used by producers to make new food. |
| organic matter | Complicated molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids) that are made by life forms. Consumers require these as a source of energy and building materials. |
| inorganic matter | Simpler molecules that can be used as raw materials by producers, but not by consumers. Examples include water and carbon dioxide. |
| metabolism | All of the chemical activities of cells. Includes both breakdown reactions and reactions that build up new molecules. |
| protein | A complex and usually large organic molecule. Made by putting together chains of amino acids. Forms complicated, flexible shapes that carry out virtually all of the cell's activities. |
| lipid (fat, oil) | An organic molecule that includes long chains of carbon linked to hydrogen atoms. These C-H bonds are rich in energy. Create cell membranes (they can make a watertight structure) and are used to store energy. |
| starch | Many glucose molecules linked together. Plants use this material to store energy in seeds and especially roots. |
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