Ch. 36 AP Bio Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 phyllotaxy | an architectual feature of immense importance in light capture |
| mycorrhizae | the very specialized mutualistic associations between roots and fungi |
| transport proteins | require energy to function |
| proton pumps | the most important transport proteins in active transport in plant cells |
| membrane potential | another form of potential energy that can be harnessed to perform cellular work |
| cotransport | a transport protein couples the diffusion of one solute with active transport of another |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across a membrane |
| water potential | a quantity where the combined effects of solute concentration and physical pressure are incorporated |
| megapascals | what plant biologists measure units of pressure in |
| solute potential | is proportional to its molarity |
| osmotic potential | another word for solute potential |
| pressure potential | the physical pressure on a solution |
| turgor pressure | when the cell contents press the plasma membrane against the cell wall, and the cell wall, in turn, presses against the protoplast |
| flaccid | a result to loosing water |
| plasmolysis | shrinks and pulls away from the cell |
| turgid | a walled cell with a greater solute concentration than its surroundings |
| wilting | when leaves and stems droop as a result of cells losing water |
| aquaporins | transport proteins that facilitate the diffusion |
| appolast | the continuum formed by cell walls, extracellular spaces, and the dead interiors of tracheids and vessels |
| symplast | when the cell wall forms a continuum |
| plasnidesmata | cytoplasmic channels that connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells |
| bulk flow | the movement of fluid driven by pressure |
| endodermis | the innermost layer of cells in the root cortex, surrounds the stele and functions as a last checkpoint for the selective passage of minerals from the cortex into the vasculas tissue |
| casparian strip | a belt made of suberin, a waxy material impervious to water and dissolved minerals |
| xylem sap | the water and dissolved minerals in the xylem, gets transported long distances by bulk flow to the veins that branch through each leaf |
| transpiration | the loss of water vapor from leaves and other aerial parts of the plant |
| root pressure | a push of xylem sap |
| guttation | the exudation of water droplets that can be seen in the morning on the tips or edges of some plant leaves |
| circadian rhythms | cycles with intervals of approximately 24 hours |
| translocation | another tissue the transports the products of photosynthesis |
| phloem sap | the aqueous solution that flows through sieve tubes |
| sugar source | a plant organ that is a net producer of sugar |
| sugar sink | an organ that is a net consumer of depository of sugar |
| transfer cells | in some plants, the walls of the companion cells feature many ingrowths, enhancing the solute transfer between apoplast and symplast |
| systemic | changes that spread throughout the body, affecting many or all of the body's systems or organs |
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