Chapter 5 Tissues
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Created by:
rkrausejr77 on February 11, 2011
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Description:
Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology
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53 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Tissue | group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| 4 Types of tissues | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous |
| Epithelial Tissue | tissue that covers the surface of the body and lines internal organs and glands |
| Functions of Epithelial Tissue | protection; absorption & secretion; filtration; excretion |
| Characteristics of Epithelial Tissues | -cellular -tightly packed -avascular -basement membrane -polar (apical and basal) -regenerates |
| Apical Surface | an upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ |
| Basal Surface | The bottom layer of epithelial tissue that attaches to the basement membrane |
| Avascular | without blood vessels |
| Squamous | thin, flat good for diffusion |
| Cuboidal | cube-shaped cells good for making ducts |
| Columnar | tall and thin pillar like |
| Simple Cell Layer | one cell thick |
| Stratified Cell Layer | two or more layers |
| Simple Squamous Epithelium | single layer of flat cells, line the blood vessels, heart, alveoli, lymphatic vessels |
| Simple Cuboidal Epithelium | Single layer cube like cells, used for absorption and secretion; found in thyroid gland, kidney tubules, and surface of ovary |
| Simple Columnar Epithelium | Single layer of elongated cells, sometimes possess cilia, sometimes possess microvilli, often have goblet cells, secretion and absorption, uterus, stomach, and intestines. |
| Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium | single layer of cells of differing heights, some not reaching the free surface; nuclei seen at different levels; may contain mucus-secreting cells and bear cilia |
| Stratified Squamous Epithelium | several flat cell layers, surface cells can contain keratin. protects underlying tissues in areas that can be rubbed or injured such as esophagus, mouth, anus, vagina/ Friction |
| Transitional Epithelium | Multiple layers of cells which appear cuboidal when not stretched, but squamous when stretched; found in the urinary organs |
| Glands | organs in the body that secrete and manufacture materials for the body |
| Two types of Glands | exocrine and endocrine |
| Exocrine Glands | gland that releases its secretions through tubelike structures called ducts |
| Endocrine Glands | Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood |
| Connective Tissue | provides support for your body and connects all its parts |
| Characteristics of Connective Tissue | 1. Variations in blood supply: Most tissues are vascular, (containing an abundant supply of blood.),However exceptions do exist: tendons and ligaments have a poor blood supply, and cartilages are avascular This is why they heal very slowly |
| Extracellular Matrix | The ground substance and fibers of connective tissue in non-living space |
| Bone | Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton |
| Cartilage | tough elastic tissue |
| Types Of Cartilage | Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage |
| Hyaline Cartilage | provides sturdy support; forms the larynx, the costal cartilages of the ribs, and the embryonic skeleton |
| Fibrocartilage | Intervertebral Discs |
| Elastic Cartilage | much more flexible than hyaline cartilage and tolerates repeated bending better w/ more elastic fibers (cartilages of external ear and the epiglottis) |
| Dense Connective Tissue | collagen fibers, ligaments and tendons |
| Tendons | tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| Ligaments | tissue that connects bone to bone |
| Loose Connective Tissue | Connective tissue that lacks great amount of collagen or elastic fibers, e.g., adipose tissue and areolar (general connective) tissue. |
| Areolar | loose connective tissue Sponge |
| Adipose Tissue | stores fat, cushions organs, and insulates the body. |
| Blood | Fibers-clotting |
| Muscle Tissue | Movement |
| Skeletal Muscle Tissue | Striated, mostly voluntary (respiratory is involuntary), multinucleate (more than one nucleus) so lots of DNA to code for protein synthesis, tendon attaches muscle to bone |
| Cardiac Muscle Tissue | Involuntary, striated and branched muscles, circulates, in heart |
| Smooth Muscle Tissue | no striations and involuntary, found in walls of hollow visceral organs such as the stomach urinary bladder and respiratory packages, forces food and other substances through internal body channels |
| Nervous Tissue | directs and controls using neurons and neuraglia |
| Neurons | cells specialized for transmitting nerve impulses |
| Neuroglia | connective tissue that supports,nourishes, protects, insulates and organizes neurons; known as glial cells |
| Regeneration | Replace tissue with same kind |
| Fibrosis | repair by dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue) |
| Serous Membrane | membrane that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body |
| Parietal | Pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity |
| Visceral | pertaining to the internal organs line the organs |
| Mucous Membrane | A membrane that lines a body cavity that opens to the exterior. |
| Cutaneous Membrane | covers the body surface |
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