Teas Science Glossary
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51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 acetylholine (ACH) | chemical transmitter substance released by some nerve endings |
| acid | a compoundthat yields H+ ions in solution or a solution w/ concetration of H+ more than OH- |
| actinides | the row of elements below the periodic table, form thorium to lawrencium |
| action potential | a large transient depolarization event, including polarity resersal, that is conducted along the membraneof a muscle cell or a nerve fiber |
| active transport | membrane transport processes for which ATP is provided (eg. solute pumping & endocytosis) |
| adaptation | receive, interpret, & repond to internal & external stimuli via the nervous system |
| adhesion | molecular attraction btw dissimilar molecules; attraction btw water molecules & molecules that make up the inside of a xylem tube |
| adrenergic fibers | nerve fibers that release norepinephrine |
| aerobic | in the presence of oxygen |
| afferent (sensory) nerve | nerve that contains processes of sensory neurons and carries nerve impulses to the central nervous system |
| agglutination | clumping of foreign cells; induced by crosslinking of antigen-antibody complexes |
| agonist | muscle that bears the major responsibility for effecting a particular movemenet; a prime mover |
| alkali metals | the column of elements from lithium to francium |
| allele | any of the alternative forms of a gene |
| allergy (hypersensitivity) | overzealous immune response to an otherwise harmless antigen |
| alpha particle | a clusterof 2 protons and 2 neutrons emitted from a nucleus in one type of radioactivity |
| amnion | fetal membrane that forms a fluid-filled sac around the embryo |
| anabolism | energy-requiring building phase of metabolism in which simpler substances are combined to form more complex substaces |
| anaerobic | without the presence of oxygen |
| androgen | a hormone that controls male secondary sex characteristics, such as testosterone |
| anion | an atom or molecule with a negative charge |
| anode | the negative electrode at which oxidation occurs |
| antibody | a protein molecule that is released by a plasm cell (a daughter cell of activated B lymphocyte) & that binds specifically to an antigen; an immunoglobulin |
| arteris | blood vessels that conduct blood away from the heart and into circulation |
| articulation (joint) | the junction of two or more bones |
| asexual reproduction | method of reproducing a new organism from only one parent by means of mitosis |
| atom | smallest amount of an element; nucleus contain rotons & neutrons & surrounded by electrons |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of the chemical element |
| atomic weight | weight in grams of one mole of the chemical element; # of protons & #of neutrons in nucleus |
| atrophy | reduction in size or wasting away of an organ or cell resulting from disease or lack of use |
| avogadro's law | equal volmes of gases contain the same number of molecules |
| axon | neuron precess that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process |
| bactericidal | able to kill bacteria |
| basal metobolic rate (BMR) | rate at which energy is expended (heat produce) 12 hours after meal, at rest. |
| base | a compound that yieds OH- in solution or solu w/ concentraiton of OH- exceeding H+ |
| beta particle | an electron emitted from a nucleus in one type of radioactive |
| blood pressure | force exerted by blood against the unit area of the blood vesel walls |
| boiling point | the temperature at which a liquiid changes to a gas |
| bowman's capsule | a network of capillaries encased in a membrane in the kidney for purpose of filtration |
| Boyle's Law | the volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure |
| bronchioles | the branching air passageways inside the lungs |
| buffer | chemical substance or system that minimizes changes in pH by releaseing or binding H+ ions |
| calorie | unit of energy, equal to 4.184J; E req ↑temp of 1.0g of water by 1°C. |
| capillary action | rising of a liquid in a small tube b/c of adhesive & cohesive froces |
| carbohydrate | organic compound containing carbon, oxygen & hydrogen. hydrogen to oxygen ratio is 2:1 |
| catalyst | chemical that changes the rate of a chemical reaction withoutitself being chemically altered |
| cathode | the positive electrode at which reduction occurs |
| cation | an atom or molecule with a positive charge |
| Charles' Law | the volume of a gas varies directly with temperature |
| chlorophyll | green plant pigment that is found in chloroplast and is necessary for photosynthesis |
| chloroplast | plant structures containing light-sensitive chlorophyll |
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