Vitamins & Minerals
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Vitamin A | 1. Fat soluble 2.Required for growth and development of bones and teeth |
| Vitamin D | 1. Fat soluble 2. "Sunshine vitamin" 3. Synthetic vitamin: Produced by the body |
| Vitamin D: Indications | 1. Treatment and correction of conditions related to long-term deficiency: rickets 2. Prevention of osteoporosis |
| Vitamin D: Toxicity | CNS effects: weakness, dizziness, headache |
| Vitamin E | 1. Fat soluble 2. Dietary plant sources: Fruits, grains, fortified cereals, vegetable oils, wheat germ, nuts. 3. Animal sources: Eggs, chicken, meats, fish |
| Vitamin K | 1. Fat soluble 2. Essential for synthesis of blood coagulation factors in the liver 3. Very important for clotting system in the body. |
| Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) | 1. Water soluble 2. Food sources: Enriched whole grain breads and cereals, liver, beans, yeast |
| Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): Causes of Deficiencies | Poor diet, Extended fever, Hyperthyroidism, Liver disease, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Pregnancy and breast-feeding |
| Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) | 1. Water soluble |
| Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): Causes of Deficiency | Alcoholism is a major cause |
| Vitamin B3 (Niacin) | Water soluble |
| Vitamin B3 (Niacin): Adverse Effects | Flushing, Pruritus, GI distress |
| Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) | 1. Water soluble 2. Used to make the Niacin in the body |
| Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): Function | 1. Necessary for integrity of peripheral nerves, skin, mucous membranes, hematopoietic system 2. Hematopoietic keeps RBCs in check. |
| Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) | 1. Water soluble 2. Required for many metabolic pathways: Fat and carbohydrate metabolism, Protein synthesis, Growth, cell replication, Hematopoiesis, Nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis |
| Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin): Deficiency | Neurologic damage |
| Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) | 1. Water soluble 2. Required for several metabolic activities, Collagen synthesis, Maintenance of connective tissue, Tissue repair, Maintenance of bone, teeth, and capillaries |
| Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): Deficiency | Loss of teeth |
| Calcium: Toxicity | Severe hypercalcemia can cause: 1.Cardiac irregularities |
| Magnesium | 1. Muscle contraction 2. Required in higher amounts for those with diets high in protein-rich foods, calcium, and phosphorus |
| Magnesium: Causes of Deficiency | 1. Alcoholism 2. Diuretics 3. Metabolic disorders (diabetic ketoacidosis) |
| Phosphorus: Functions | 1. Required for the synthesis of:Nucleic acid, ADP, AMP, ATP 2. Responsible for cellular energy transfer 3. |
| Phosphorus: Adverse Effects - | Breathing difficulties |
| Zinc | 1. Trace element 2. important for normal tissue growth and repair, especially wound repair |
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