Old Testament - Chapter 9
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68 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cyrus | King of Persia, liberated Jews and allowed them to return to their homeland |
| Restoration | The Exiles return to rebuild the city of Jerusalem and the Temple |
| Jew | A term that comes from the word Judah |
| Remnant | those Jews, few in number and strong in faith, that returned to Judah to rebuild the city |
| Chronicles | This book was written about 400 B.C. it retells history how it should have been not how it happened - emphasizes David and Solomon as good kings |
| Ezra | Priest and scribe who came from Babylon about 100 years after the Exile |
| Book of Ezra | This Book opens with the decree of Cyrus - suggest that the Jews staying in Babylon contribute supplies to those returning - was not written by the man who it is named after |
| Judah | Impoverished land spanning 25 miles from north to south |
| Zerubabbel | Governor and grandson of King Jehoiachin and a descendant of David |
| Joshua | High priest, offers sacrifice and lays foundation for a new temple |
| Samaritans | Originally try to help the returning Exiles, but are resented. They report the projects of the Jews' projects to the rulers as rebellion. |
| Third Isaiah | He spoke after the Exiles returned to Jerusalem. He recorded the arrivals' shock at the ruin of Temple. Condemns laxness and religious apathy. Speaks about true fasting |
| True Fasting | Working for the release of the unjustly imprisoned, freeing the oppressed, sharing bread with the hungry, sheltering the homeless, and clothing the naked |
| Universalism | The dream that God's love for Israel will make it a light to the nations, ultimately bringing together all nations and peoples of the earth under God's Reign |
| Haggai | A prophet who complains that there is no house for God. He speaks on the poverty in Jerusalem and the injustice of the rich. He motivates Zerubabbel and Joshua to take action. |
| Temple | This refocuses the Jews on God's presence among them and renews their commitment to God's call. It calls them to focus on the sacredness of what happens within them |
| Zechariah | The prophet whose message is that "the Messiah will come." He spoke shortly after Haggai |
| First Zechariah | This book sees Zerubbabel, the heir to David's throne, as the Messianic figure |
| Second Zechariah | This book said that the expected messiah is a peaceful messiah of the poor. It spoke of a true shepherd |
| Warrior Kings | They always rode horses |
| White Donkey | Symbol of peace - ridden by the Messianic king |
| Malachi | Means "my messenger" |
| Malachi | He is a prophet who describes faith at its lowest. He says the priests' sacrifices are sacrilegious and the people are just as bad |
| Malachi | Prophecy: God will send a messenger to prepare for the coming of judgement. He will be like a refiner's fire that burns impurities out of gold |
| How to Repent | Donate a tenth of their income to God |
| Tithing | Giving the first 10% of our income to charity and to our church, trusting that God will take care of our needs - should happen before we buy anything or pay bills - not leftover money |
| Shallow Faith | People who admire the successful as the blessed and approve of prosperous evildoers who hold God in contempt |
| False Hope | Judah putting it's hope in a building, the Temple, to ensure God's favor |
| Nehemiah | Governor - model public servant, in the court of the Persian king, he comes to Jerusalem and institutes many reforms (rebuilding walls) |
| Book of Nehemiah | This book was taken from the governor's private journals written in 445 B.C. |
| Nehemiah | A governor who was a model public servant. He served on the Persian court and traveled to Jerusalem, instituting many reforms - building the walls, keeping the sabbath, and leaving foreign wives. |
| Common Folk | They had to pawn their fields, vineyards, homes, and even some sons and daughters in order to buy grain |
| Sanballat and Tobiah | They resent Nehemiah's power and try to ambush him, smear him, and lure him to be arrested |
| Tobiah | He lived in the Temple and stole the tithes of grain, wine, and oil. Nehemiah threw him out of the Temple and restored the Levites |
| Keeping the Sabbath - closing the gate before the Sabbath | Nehemiah's first reform |
| Keeping the purity of marriage | Nehemiah's second reform |
| Feast of the Booths | For seven days Jews live outside in booths made of tree branches. This is to recall the years in the wilderness when God provided for them. Also called Sukkoth |
| Ezra's Greatest Gift | Ezra's preaching of the Law, or Torah, to the Jews - provided a code for the Jews |
| Book of Ruth | Probably written after the exile, tells how the great-grandmother of King David was a Moabite. God can work in mysterious ways |
| Book of Jonah | A satirical story of a prophet (fictitious) who resents it when the Assyrians repent of their sins and receive God's mercy. The author is showing how God's love is universal |
| Joel | A prophet who tells of a great catastrophe. He bids the people to don sackcloth, proclaim a fast, and beg God to spare them |
| Book of Obadiah | Shortest book in the Bible, tells the story of Edom |
| Edom | A small state - now called Jordan - the descendants of Esau |
| Fratricide | Killing one's brother |
| Alexander the Great | He conquered the Persian Empire in 330 B.C. |
| Greek Empire | They dominated Judea for more than two centuries |
| Greek Seleucid Dynasty | The reigning Greek dynasty that persecuted the Jews |
| Athens | Greek city state that led the other city states to victory over the Persians |
| Romans | They defeated the Greeks in 63 B.C. |
| Titus | Son of a Roman Emperor, crushed the Jewish revolt in 70 A.D. and destroyed Jerusalem and the Temple |
| First Maccabees | This book is a history of revolt of the Jews under the domination of Greek rulers |
| Second Maccabees | This book details the cruel persecution of the Jews. It confirms: belief in the resurrection of the dead, intercession of the saints, offering of prayers for the dead (purgatory) |
| Judas Maccabeus | He and his brothers fight and free the Jews from Greek control |
| Apostates | Those who have renounced their faith |
| Antiochus IV | Seleucid King in first Maccabees, comes to the throne in 175 B.C. He called himself Epiphanes |
| Epiphanes | Means "God made visible" |
| Epimanes | Means "madman" |
| Gymnasium | Built by pro-Greek Jews, led by a corrupt high priest. Young men participated in athletic evens naked here - a practice condemned by Jews |
| Citadel | This was built to house more military troops who will occupy Jerusalem. It was also a haven for apostate Jews |
| Eleazar | He was arrested by the Greeks for his refusal to eat pork. He refused to eat meat that just looks like pork as well. He dies and serves as an example of nobility and courage to they young and the nation |
| Norwegian Eleazar | Teacher refused to promote fascism and were arrested and sent to a concentration camp |
| Mother and Her Seven Sons | A story of martyrdom that confirms the belief in resurrection. |
| Resurrection | God will raise the just to new life with God and one another after death |
| Book of Daniel | An apocalyptic book that points to life after death. Setting is Babylon in the exile, but in reality it is addressing the Greek persecution. Tells the story of a young man and his friends who refuse to give into the ruler's demands and also contains visions |
| The Festival of Lights | This is a legend - not found in the Bible. One jar of oil lasted 8 days. This is celebrated by Jews every year. |
| Menorah | A seven-branched candelabra |
| Apocalyptic Literature | This is characterized by strange symbolic images that represent events, places, and even people of the time it was written. |
| Son of Man | Jesus used this term 82 times in the Gospel. Christians see Jesus as this |
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