1.
Anonymous IV: 1270s
2.
antiphonal psalmody: -sung by cantor, ended by all
-verse1, cantor then the rest of his side
-verse2, the opposite side
-doxology
-antiphon sung by all
-small range, syllabic
3.
Aquitainian Polyphony: 65 two voice organa pieces. no rhythm however
4.
Aristotle: 384-322 BC
5.
Benart de Ventadorn: 1150-1180 CE
6.
Boethius: 480-524 CE
7.
Boethius, Fundamentals of Music: -strong and simple
-only judges of music are musicians for they interpret music with reason
-musica mundana, musica humana, musica instrumentalis
8.
Charlemagne: 768-814 CE
9.
Christianty Spreads: 313 CE
10.
clausula discantus: inserted music after original music is composed
11.
Eleanor of Aquitaine: 1122-1204 CE
12.
Empire conquered: 410 CE
13.
Empire divided: 395 CE
14.
Friars (century): 13th century, wanted to spread christianity, not just foster
15.
Goliards (centuries): 12th - 13th centuries
16.
Guido d'Arezzo: 991-1036 CE
17.
Guido d'Arezzo source readings: -impossible to master antiphons in a lifetime
-creates the staff, color coded, solfege, hexachords so people sing antiphons correctly
18.
Hildegard de Bingen: 1098-1179 CE
19.
hymn: often short, few phrases, and a narrow vocal range, syllabic
20.
Johannes de Garlandia (flourished): fl. 1270-1320 CE
21.
Magister Leoninus (flourished): fl. 1163 - 1190 CE
22.
Magister Perotinus (flourished): fl. 1180-1238 CE
23.
Magnus liber organi: book of polyphony by Leoninus
24.
Minnesingers: 1170 CE
25.
Monastic life: -labor
-study
-pray
26.
Musica Enchiriadis: -the music and the text should inspire the same emotion
27.
Notker Balbulus: 840-912 CE
28.
Ordinary of the Mass: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, Ite missa est
29.
organum discantus: 1:1 for the most part, metrical
30.
organum purum: sustained tone on the bottom, melismatic voice on top
31.
Plato: 429-347 BC
32.
Plato's Republic: -distinguishes the good and bad regarding music
-educate the youth with the acceptable modes and music
-balance music and gymnastics for a balanced life
33.
Pope Gregory I: pope from 590-604 CE
34.
Proper of the Mass: Introit, Gradual, Alleluia, Sequence, Offertory, Communion
35.
Pythagoras: 5th C. BC
36.
Pythagoras description: discovered intervals using ratios of mass, reflect cosmological proportions, created the Greater perfect system
37.
responsorial psalmody: -soloist intonation
-choir response
-soloist psalm verse
-choirresponse
-melismatic, wide range
38.
Schola cantorum: those who spread the chants of Pope Gregory I
39.
St. Augustine: 354-430 CE
40.
St. Augustine description: believed in manichaeism (light and darkness in world) and stoicism (deny senses to avoid acts of passion). Thought senses weigh us down
41.
St. Benedict: 480-543 CE
42.
St. Bernard of Clairveau: 1090-1153 CE, religious revival, famous sermons
43.
St. Odo of Cluny: 878-942 CE, restore the meaning of Monasticism
44.
Troubadors: 1100 CE
45.
Trouveres: 1150 CE
46.
Tuotilo of St. Gall: 850-915 CE trope writer
47.
Winchester Troper: collection of tropes that only contained the newly composer voice. About 150 organa