A&P Test 1
About this set
Created by:
sasmith64 on February 13, 2011
Subjects:
the circulatory system:blood, the circulatory system: heart, blood vessels and circulation
Description:
Chapters 18, 19, 20
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 1.Hypovolemic shock can be caused by | Profuse sweating or a high loss of fluid and blood volume |
| 2.A substance that reduces the heart rate is said to exert | a negative chronotropic effect. |
| 3.The lowest arterial blood pressure observed during the cardiac cycle is called the ___ pressure. | diastolic |
| 4.The inferior vena cava has one-way valves that ensure the upward flow of blood toward the heart. | False |
| 5.You would expect to find the thickest tunica media in a | large artery. |
| 6.If a person moved from the sea shore to a very high mountain, where the air pressure is reduced, what might happen to the hematocrit readings? | red blood cells increase |
| 7.The absolute refractory period in the myocyte results in | the prevention of wave summation and tetanus. |
| 8.The valve that lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the mitral valve. | True |
| 9.The amount of blood (mL) coming from one ventricle in one heartbeat is called | the stroke volume. |
| 10.The myocardium begins to relax at the end of the plateau in the action potential. | True |
| 11.It is essential that both ventricles eject the same amount of blood even though the pressure in the right ventricle is much less than the pressure in the left ventricle. | True |
| 12.In the adult, blood formation occurs in the | red bone marrow and lymphoid tissues |
| 13.The cardiac center, which modifies the heart rate, is located in | the medulla oblongata. |
| 14.Bile pigments are produced by the breakdown of the heme portion of hemoglobin. | True |
| 15.You are following the pathway of blood from the superior vena cava to the aorta. What is the correct order of valves through which the blood will pass? | tricuspid, pulmonary, bicuspid, aortic |
| 16.The most common nutrient in the blood is _____; the most common electrolyte is _____; and the most common nitrogenous waste is _____. | protein; Na+; urea |
| 17.Positive feedback is most important in | decompensated shock. |
| 18.Proteins, like albumin, move across a capillary by | transcytosis. |
| 19.Erythropoietin is produced by the liver to stimulate red blood cell production by the bone marrow. | False |
| 20.The cardiovascular system refers to all of the below except one. The area that is not part of the cardiovascular system is the | blood. |
| 21.The formed elements in the blood that have one nucleus are the _____, while the formed elements that have no nucleus are the _____. | leukocytes; erythrocytes and platelets |
| 22.Sickle-cell disease is caused by a dominant allele that alters the structure of hemoglobin. | False |
| 23.Which of these is not found in blood? | glycogen |
| 24.The rarest of the leukocytes are basophils. | True |
| 25.Atrial systole begins | immediately before the P wave. |
| 26.The innermost lining of the heart wall is | the endocardium. |
| 27.Blood pressure tends to decrease with age due to the loss of arterial elasticity making them less distensible. | False |
| 28.Which of the following is the correct sequence of events occurring in the cardiac cycle? | atrial systole, atrial diastole, ventricular systole, and ventricular diastole |
| 29.Aldosterone lowers blood pressure by stimulating the kidneys to release excess water and sodium into the urine. | False |
| 30.In the cardiovascular system, the _____ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs, which is served by the _____ side of the heart. | pulmonary; right |
| 31.When a clot is no longer needed, it is dissolved by | plasmin. |
| 32.Which of the following is incorrectly matched? | lymphocytes:dark purple cytoplasmic granules |
| 33.Lymphocytes multiply continuously and give rise to all of the cellular elements of blood. | False |
| 34.Antibody A is present in the blood plasma of individuals with which blood types? | types B and O |
| 35.The parasympathetic nervous system has a negative chronotropic effect on the heart. | True |
| 36.The PR interval on an electrocardiogram represents the electrical events related to the: | atrial contraction |
| 37.In skeletal muscle contraction, membrane depolarization lasts for 2 msec; in cardiac muscle, depolarization may last for 250 msec. | True |
| 38.A differential WBC count shows an abnormally high count of eosinophils. This is a sign of:. | allergic reaction |
| 39.Blood flow is directly proportional to | vessel radius. |
| 40.The second heart sound heard is the result of closing of the AV valves | False |
| 41.The most important force in venous flow is | the pressure gradient generated by the heart. |
| 42.Blood has all of the following functions except | hormone production. |
| 43.Rh+ women do not have babies with hemolytic disease of the newborn. | True |
| 44.___ is secreted in response to hypoxia and produces a negative feedback loop that raises the oxygen concentration of the blood. | Erythropoietin |
| 45.The heart rate is increased by | hypocalcemia. |
| 46.An emergency room patient has been in an automobile accident. He is unconscious and his medical history is unknown, but he is found to have blood type B+. He needs blood, and only the following types are available. Which would be the safest to administer? | O- |
| 47.Most blood enters the ventricles even before the atria begin to contract. | True |
| 48.Cardiac output is a product of ___ and ___. | heart rate and stroke volume |
| 49.Of the pathways listed, which correctly describes a route that blood can take in a normal human heart? A) left atrium > bicuspid valve > left ventricle > aortic semilunar valve | left atrium > bicuspid valve > left ventricle > aortic semilunar valve |
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