Organ Systems of the Body
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65 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Integumentary System | Skin |
| Skin | Largest major organ whose primary function is to protect underlying tissue, and to regulate body temperature. |
| Skeletal System | Bones,Joints and primary functions are supports and protects, makes movement possible, and stores calcium and phosphorous |
| Muscular System | Voluntary, involuntary, cardiac, and tendons whose primary function is to maintain posture, produce movement, generate heat to maintain body temperature. |
| Voluntary Muscles | Have control over, movement is under conscience control |
| Involuntary Muscles | No control over, found in many structures including organs of the digestive tract, smooth muscle (visceral). |
| Cardiac Muscles | Specialized tissue of the heart. |
| Tendons | Attach bones to muscles. |
| Nervous System | Brain, spinal cord, and nerves whose primary function is communication between body functions, controls body functions and evaluates. |
| Endocrine System | Has specialized glands that secrete hormones, sometimes called ductless glands, whose primary function is communication , integregation, control slower than that of the other systems. |
| Circulatory System | Heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries, whose primary function is for transportation, body temperature regulation, and defense of the body, or immunity. |
| Lymphatic System | Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels whose primary function is to move fluids from tissue spaces, critical role in immunity, or the body's defense against disease. |
| Respiratory System | Nose, pharynx,larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs whose primary function is to exchange oxygen for air and eliminates waste products CO2 from body, warning, humidification , and cleansing of air. |
| Digestive System | Food enters tube, is digested,cells need nutrients absorbed along the length of tube. |
| Urinary System | Kidneys,Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra |
| Kidneys | Produce urine |
| Ureters | Conduct urine to storage area |
| Bladder | Stores urine |
| Urethra | Carries urine from bladder out of the body |
| Reproductive System | Gonads (testes and ovaries). whose function is to insure survival of species and produces hormones for sexual characteristics |
| Epithelial Membranes | Cutaneous, serous,and mucous and has two distinctive layer. |
| Connective Membranes (synovial) | Composed of various types of connective tissue and has not epithelial cells. |
| Cutaneous Membranes | primary organ of the integumentary system characterized by layer of epithelial cells and an underlying layer of supportive connective tissue. |
| Serous Membranes | A layer of simple squamous epithelium on a connective tissue basement memebrane. |
| Pariental | Lines the wall of the body cavities. |
| Visceral | covers the bodies internal organs. |
| Pleura | Membranes of thoracic cavities |
| Peritoneum | Membranes of the abdominal cavities |
| Mucous Membranes | Cells secrete muscous to protect and dydrate and lines body cavities which open directly to the exterior. |
| Connective Tissue Membranes (synovial) | Lines the spaces between bones and joints and characterized by smooth, slick texture, secrete thick, colorless synovial fluid, Not mucas. |
| Bursae | (cushion like sacs) between moving body parts. |
| Epidermis | Outermost and thinnest primary layer, relatively thin sheet- composed of layers of stratified squamous epithelium. Many layers of tightly packed cells. |
| Dermis | Deeper and thincker layer. |
| Hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue) | Thick layer of loose connective tissue and fat. |
| Stratum Germinativum | Innermost layer, undergoes mitosis and reproduces, enables skil to repair itself when damaged, moves to surface to replace damaged, dead cells. |
| Keratin | A unique protein, replaces cytoplasm in new cells as they surface, provides outer layer cells toughness and protective qualities; waterproof. |
| Stratum Corneum | Tough outermost upper layer, keratin filled cells. |
| Deepest cell layer (stratum germinativum) | Contains melanocytes, produces a specialized pigment, melanin and prevents the sun's harmful UV rays from penetrating interior of the body. |
| Dermal-epidermal junctions (between epidermis and dermal) | Epidermis tightly packed cells held together by spot welds. Glue that holds two layers together, blisters form if it is destroyed. |
| Hair Papilia | A small, cap-shaped cluster of cells located at the base of the follicle where hair growth begins. |
| Dermis | Deeper of the 2 primary layers, made up mostly of connective tisssue, composed of scattered cells with may fibers. |
| Dermal papillae | Function as part of the Derma-epidermal Junction to bind the 2 layers together. Form ridges and grooves- finger/foot prints. |
| Lanugo | The extremely fine and soft hair found on a newborn infant. |
| Arrector Pili muscle | Tiny smooth involuntary muscle, attached to hair follicle and dermal papillae and cotracts when cold or frightened and produces goosebumps |
| Receptors | Make skin act as sense organ and relays messages to the brain. |
| Pacinian Corpuscle (receptor) | Deep in dermis, detects pressure on skin surface |
| Meissner's Corpuscle | Close to surface and detects light touch on skin surface. |
| Nails | Created when epidermal cells on fingers and toes fill with keratin and become hard and plate like. |
| Nail body | Visible part of the nail. |
| Nail root | Part hidden in the root |
| Cuticle | Groove or skin fold |
| Lunula | Little moon on the nail near the root. |
| Sweat glands | Eccrine and Apocrime |
| Oil (sebaceous) glands | Secrete oil to lubricate skin & hair. |
| Eccrine sweat glands | Function is to produce sweat and assists in waste elimination of uric acid and ammonia, and helps to regulate temperature. |
| Apocrine sweat glands | Located in the armpit and the pigmented areas around genitals, secrete thicker, milky secretions. |
| Touch | Meissner's corpuscle |
| Pressure | Pacinian corpuscle |
| Pain | Free nerve endings |
| Cold | Krause's end blubs |
| Burn | When layers of skin tissue is destroyed. |
| Nine percent | Body is divided into 11 areas of/ |
| 1st degree | Minor discomfort, reddening of skin, may peel in 1-3 days |
| 2nd degree | Involves deep epidermis layers, cause injury to upper layers of dermis and may damage glands, hair follicles and sebaceous glands.. Blisters, severe pain, swelling and fluid loss. |
| 3rd degree | Complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis, often involves muscle and bone, insenstive to pain because of damage to nerve endings. |
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