| Term | Definition |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | Author of "The Prince" |
| Leonardo da Vinci |  |
| Venice | Italian city with a republican form of government |
| Francois Rabelais | French author; wrote "Gargantua" |
| Thomas More | English author; wrote "Utopia" |
| Indulgences | money paid to remit sins |
| Pope Leo X | authorized the selling of indulgences |
| Predestination | belief that all our actions are predetermined |
| Catherine of Aragon | first wife of Henry VIII |
| Mary | first daughter of Henry VIII |
| Pope Paul III | first leader to try to reform the Catholic church |
| Inquisition | a church appointed court to try heretics |
| Lorenzo de Medici | ruler of Florence who brought artist to his city |
| Florence | first Renaissance city |
| Michelangelo Buonarroti |  |
| Rome | capitol of the Catholic church |
| Johannes Gutenberg | inventor of the printing press |
| humanism | emphasis on man's place in the universe |
| Martin Luther | condemned the church's selling of indulgences |
| Desiderius Erasmus | Dutch thinker; critical of the Catholic church |
| Anne Boleyn | Henry VIII's second wife |
| William Shakespeare | English author of "Macbeth" |
| The Church of England | created by Henry VIII to remove power from the Catholic church |
| Pieter Brughel |  |
| Christopher Marlowe | Engish author of "Doctor Faustus" |
| John Calvin | took over the city of Geneva and imposed Protestant church laws |
| 95 Theses | Martin Luther's protest against the church |
| Edward VI | Henry VIII's only son |
| King Henry VIII | sought to divorce his wife; wound up creating a church |
| Jesuits | religious order started to spread the Catholic church around the world |
| Baroque Art | depicted scenes from the Bible to help nonreaders |
| Huldrych Zwingli | Protestant leader; started the reformed church in Zurich |
| Anabaptists | believed only adults could be baptized into the church |
| Elizabeth I | Henry VIII's protestant daughter |
| Ignatius of Loyola | founder of the Jesuits |
| Council of Trent | was formed to reform the Catholic church |
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