| Term | Definition |
| Mao Tse-tung (Zedong) | Leader of the Chinese Communist Party, founded in 1921 and established an army of 40,000 people. |
| The Long March | retreat of 100,000 Communists from the nationalists crossing 6,000 miles, 18 mountain ranges, 24 rivers and lasted nearly a year |
| Chaing Kai-shek | leader of the nationalist party in 1928, after Sun Yat-sen's death in 1925, he favored a capitalist state supported by a military dictatorship |
| Sun Yat-sen | became known as the father of modern China because it was his plan and followers that removed the Manchu Dynasty |
| Nationalist | support of independence |
| Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance | a pact with Russia, in which Russia pledged technical aid to China, supplied Communist materials and extended credit for equipment and technical aid for projects |
| Republic | a state in which the supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly by them |
| Dynasty | a sequence of rulers from the same family, stock, or group |
| Opium Wars | British victory over the Chinese people's attempts to control the trade of Opium in from 1839-1842 and again in 1856 |
| Boxer Rebellion | Groups of Chinese rebels roamed the countryside killing anyone they suspected of being Christian. It resulted in more foreign troops entering Peking. |
| Rebellion of 1911 | Chinese industrialists opposed foreign bankers who wanted to finance a loan in order to build and control a railroad network. |
| Communism | a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. |