Basic Medical Terminology
About this set
Created by:
jess4toLove on October 11, 2008
Classes:
Parker CATC HCA Medical Terminology, Anat and Physi and Mico Review, Citizens School of Nursing- Fundamentals of Nursing, HHSM Class, Medical
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200 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 anemia | "without blood" - Low Red Blood Count |
| excise | to cut out |
| polyuria | excessive amount of urine |
| anatomy | the study of the structure of the body |
| cholecystectomy | excision of the gallbladder |
| hemorrhoidectomy | excision of the hemorrhoids |
| oophorectomy | exicision of the ovary |
| cystectomy | excision of the bladder |
| excision | to remove or take out |
| incision | to cut into |
| arthr/o | joint |
| bronch/o | bronchus |
| cardi/o | heart |
| carp/o | wrist |
| cerebr/o | cerebrum |
| cervic/o | cervix |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| col/o | colon |
| colp/o | vagina |
| cost/o | rib |
| crani/o | cranium (skull) |
| cyst/o | bladder |
| dent/o | teeth |
| derm/o | skin |
| encaphal/o | brain |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| hepa, hepat/o | liver |
| hyster/o | uterus |
| mast/o | breast |
| my/o | muscle |
| neur/o | nerve |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| oste/o | bone |
| ot/o | ear |
| pneum/o | lungs |
| proct/o | rectum, anus |
| pyel/o | pelvis of kidney |
| rhin/o | nose |
| spondyl/o | vertebra |
| thyr/o | thyroid gland |
| trache/o | trachea |
| -ostomy | new permanent opening (ie, colostomy) |
| -otomy | incision into (ie, tracheotomy) |
| gyne | woman |
| ile/o | ileum (small intestine) |
| irid/o | iris (eye) |
| jejun/o | jejunum (small intestine) |
| kerat/o | cornea of eye |
| lamina | thin, flat part of vertebra |
| laryng/o | larynx (voice box) |
| lingua | tongue |
| lobe | lobe, as of lung |
| metr/o | uterus |
| myring/o | eardrum |
| oophor/o | ovary |
| ophthalm/o | eye |
| orchi/o | testicle |
| orchid/o | testicle |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| pharyng/o | throat |
| phleb/o | vein |
| pod/o | foot |
| ren/o | kidney |
| sacr/o | sacrum |
| salping/o | fallopian tube |
| sigmoid/o | lower portion of colon |
| steth/o | chest |
| stomat/o | mouth |
| ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | tendon |
| thorac/o | thorax (chest) |
| tympan/o | eardrum |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| vas/o | vessel |
| ven/o | vein |
| cranio | skull only |
| cephalo | head |
| cerebro | part of brain |
| encephalo | entire brain |
| nephro | entire kidney |
| reno | entire kidney |
| pyelo | pelvis of kidney |
| -ectomy | excision of |
| -oplasty | plastic surgery on |
| -opexy | surgical fixation |
| -orrhaphy | surgical repair of |
| -otripsy | crushing |
| -ocentesis | puncture (tapping) |
| -ectasis or ectasia | stretching (dilating) |
| -osis, iasis | condition of |
| -itis | inflammation of |
| -opathy | any disease of |
| -algia or dynia | pain |
| -cele | hernia, swelling |
| -orrhagia | excessive bleeding |
| The four signs of inflammation are | swelling, pain, heat, redness |
| a-, an-, ar- (ie, anemic) | without or not |
| ad- (ie, adduction) | near, toward |
| ab- (ie, abnormal) | away from |
| anti- (i.e. antibiotic) | against |
| ante- (i.e. anteflexion) | before, forward |
| contra- (i.e. contraindicated) | against or not |
| dis- (i.e. disease) | from |
| dys- (i.e. dysuria) | painful or difficult |
| hemi- (i.e. hemiplegia) | half (one side) |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| hyper- (i.e. hypertension) | too much, high |
| hypo- (i.e. hypodermic) | not enough, low or under |
| inter- (i.e. intercostal) | between |
| intra- (i.e. intramuscular) | within |
| -oscope | instrument for looking into |
| -oscopy | procedure using a scope |
| -otome | instrument for cutting thin section |
| -ograph | instrument (or machine) that records |
| -ography | diagnostic procedure |
| -ogram | recording or "picture" produced by an "-ography" procedure |
| -ometer | instrument that measures or counts |
| -ometry, -imetry | procedure using the measuring or counting instrument |
| bio- (i.e. bioethics) | life |
| brady- (i.e. bradycardia) | slow |
| tachy- (i.e. tachycardia) | fast |
| de- (i.e. dehydrate) | take away, remove |
| re- (i.e. rehudrate) | put back |
| dia- (i.e. diarrhea) | through (as in running through) |
| hemo- (i.e. hematemesis) | blood |
| hydro- (i.e. hydrate) | water |
| hyper- (i.e. hypertension) | high; too much |
| hypo- (i.e. hypotension) | low; not enough; under |
| lip- (i.e. lipoma) | fat |
| poly- (i.e. polyuria) | many, much |
| pre- (i.e. prenatal) | before |
| pro- (i.e. prognosis) | preceding, coming |
| post- (i.e. postpartum) | following, after |
| -olysis, -olytic, -olyzed | destruction, to separate out |
| -oma | tumor (new growth), neoplasm, space-occupying lesion |
| -oid | like, similar to |
| -plasia | growth (cell) |
| -trophy | development |
| -malacia | softening |
| -orrhea | flow or discharge |
| -pnea (pneumo-) | breathing, air, lungs |
| -paresis | weakness (less than paralysis) |
| bacteria | Bacteria are larger, easily grown in the lab, and can be seen with regular microscopes. Generally they can be treated successfully with antibiotics however, many bacteria are now becoming resistant to antibiotics. |
| viruses | Viruses are so small that they can only be seen with an electron microscope, cannot be grown on artificial media, and are not successfully treated by antibiotics. |
| chromo- | color |
| erythro- | red |
| leuko- | white |
| melano- | black |
| cyano- | blue |
| cirrh- | orange yellow |
| xanth/o- | yellow |
| polio | gray |
| anterior (ventral) | toward the front, or in front of |
| posterior (dorsal) | toward the back, or in back of |
| lateral | side |
| bilateral | both sides |
| medial | middle |
| oblique | at an angle |
| superior (supra) | above |
| inferior (sub) (infra) | below |
| cephalic | head (similar to superior) |
| caudal | "tail" or base of spine (similar to inferior) |
| proximal | nearest to center |
| distal | farthest from center |
| peripheral | outer edges |
| transverse (trans-) | horizontal body plane, divides body into top and bottom sections; across or through |
| sagittal | vertical body plane, through trunk of body; if exactly through middle , it is midsaggital, and divides the body into equal right and left sides. |
| coronal | vertical body plane, divides body into front and back sections (anterior and posterior) standing |
| upright | standing |
| decubitus | lying down |
| recumbent | lying down |
| unilateral | one side |
| flexion | bending |
| vertebral column | starting at the neck: cervical vertebrae (7), thoracic or dorsal (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5,fused), coccyx or tailbone (4) |
| axial | skull, thorax (ribs and sternum), vertebral column |
| appendicular | the appendages that hang from the axial skeleton; upper and lower extremities (includes shoulder and pelvic girdle) |
| aponeurosis | flattened tendon; resembles a membrane that attaches muscle to bones or tissue |
| ball and socket joint | hip and shoulder joints |
| bursa | small sacs that cushion joints between tendons and bones |
| fascia | connective tissue sheath; covers, supports, and separates muscles; holds muscle fibers |
| hinge joint | elbows, knees, fingers |
| interphalangeal joints | fingers and toes |
| intervertebral disks | cartilaginous material between vertebrae |
| lamina (ae) | flattened part of the vertebral arch ( thinnest part of vertebrae) |
| ligament | strong fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone |
| meniscus | lateral and medial knee cartilage |
| sutures | articulations in the cranial bones; immovable joints |
| synovial fluid | clear joint fluid that acts as a lubricant |
| temporomandibular joint TMJ | connecting point of lower jawbone and temporal bone |
| tendon | fibrous tissue attaching muscle to bone |
| theca | covering or sheath of a tendon |
| acetabulum | large socket for head of femur (hip) |
| foramen | holes in the bone for large vessels and nerves to pass through |
| fossa (ae) | depressions or hollows |
| grooves | shallow linear depressions in bone (or tooth) |
| malleolus | hammerlike protuberance (either side of ankle) |
| olecranon | a process on the ulnar bone (elbow) |
| prominences, processes, tuberosities | projections |
| sinuses | air spaces in cranium that lighten the skull and serve as voice resonating chambers |
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