Tharpe- Unit 8 DNA
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Created by:
ambertharpe on February 16, 2011
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nucleotides | monomers of nucleic acids |
| double helix | shape of 2 chains of DNA in a twisted spiral |
| replication | DNA copies itself Step 1- the 2 strands unzip Step 2- free bases bind to each strand Step 3- 2 identical helices are formed |
| template | strand of DNA being copied, which serves as a pattern |
| complimentary | new DNA stand that is formed by pairing nucleotides to the template strad |
| transcription | process that uses 1 strand of template DNA to make a complimentary strand of RNA |
| translation | the process that converts mRNA into a protien |
| codons | 3 nucleotide RNA sequence that codes for a particular amino acid |
| 3 parts of a nucleotide | sugar, phosphate, and a base |
| DNA bases | Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine |
| Hydrogen bonds | bonds that hold the two chains of DNA together at the bases |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid serves as the blueprints of life |
| nucleus | location of DNA site of replication and transcription |
| A | bonds to T in DNA and U in RNA |
| C | bonds to G in DNA and RNA |
| DNA polymerase | enzyme that bonds nucleotides in a strand of DNA together |
| Helicase | enzyme that unzips two strands of DNA down the middle |
| Central dogma | DNA -->RNA--> protein |
| deoxyribose | sugar found in DNA |
| ribose | sugar found in RNA |
| Uracil | nucleotide base found only in RNA |
| Thymine | nucleotide base found only in DNA |
| messenger RNA | the RNA code that is translated to form a protein |
| ribosomal RNA | forms part of the ribosome to make a protein |
| transfer RNA | brings in the specific amino acid for each codon to make a protein has an anticodon on one end |
| peptide bond | the bond that forms between amino acids to form a protein |
| mutation | change in an organism's DNA |
| substitution or point | one incorrect nucleotide is substituted for another |
| frameshift mutation | insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence that shifts the reading frame |
| nondisjunction | when chromosomes fail to separate properly in meiosis |
| mutagen | agents in the environment that can change DNA |
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