Flashcards: 24 Modernity & Imperialism
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Created by:
HistoryofCrawford on February 16, 2011
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Impressionism | Art form of late 1800s, depicted best by Monet and Renoir, tried to create the illusion of movement, give idea of the real, not to create the real. |
| Triple Entente | Begins with an alliance between France and Russia in 1894, completed in 1907 when joined by the British. An agreement to protect themselves from the Germans. |
| Bosnian Crisis of 1908-9 | Brought on by Serbian and Turkish nationalism, Serbia wants to create a Slavic State, young Turks want to regain Balkan territory, Austria counters with an annexation, all parties upset (Serbs, Turks, Russians, other European governments). |
| Social Darwinism | Darwin's theory of evolution, specifically the survival of the fittest applied to humanity to justify supremacy among races, nationalities, gender, etc |
| Sigmund Freud | Developed the idea of psychoanalysis, 1900, human behavior determined by the unconscious, hypnosis and dream interpretation, Id=pleasure, Ego=reality, Super Ego=conscience. |
| Emmeline Parkhurst | Early 20th century feminist organizer for the right to vote, English, believed in radical force and protest to gain their demands, throwing eggs, breaking windows, chaining themselves to lampposts, hunger strikes, etc. |
| Maria Montessori | Early 20th century Italian woman, created schools for intellectually disabled children, applied individualized learning techniques to regular students, studied early childhood development, many schools bear her name today. |
| Triple Alliance | Formed 1882 when Italy joined with Germany and Austria-Hungary in a mutual protection agreement against Russia & her allies. |
| Boer War (1899-1902) | Fought for control of the diamonds and gold of South Africa, bitter war in which many women and children died in British concentration camps, eventually lead to the unification of South Africa under British rule. |
| Dreyfus affair (1894) | France, Jew convicted of selling secrets to Germany, split the nation between Republicans, Monarchists, Catholics and Anti-semites, became focal point of political, class and religious hatreds, eventually acquitted of crime. |
| Marie Curie | French woman who helps discover radiation coming from within the atom. Proved the atom is not solid. |
| Friedrich Nietzsche | German known for condemnation of Christianity as the code of slavish masses, the morality of masters. Anarchist. Posited the "will to power." |
| Albert Einstein | German scientist who created the theory of relativity in 1905, opens the world to the function of the atom, helps usher in the atomic age. |
| Anti-Semitism | Hatred of Jews. Usually defined racially rather than religiously. |
| Herbert Spencer | His ideas include: progress is evolutionary, everything moves from the simple to the complex, market place is true test of the fittest, popularizer of agnosticism. Most notable as inventor of Social Darwinism. |
| Bloody Sunday | January 1905, St. Petersburg, Russia. 200,000 workers protest economic conditions, hundreds killed by police, created distrust of the tsar (Nicolas II). |
| Leopold II | King of Belgium who convinced Henry Stanley to explore and claim Congo area for him, started the "scramble for Africa" with his desire for more territorial possessions, known for his cruelty to African natives. |
| Georges Sorel | Late 19th century French revisionist socialist who believed small elite groups (trade union leaders) could achieve a socialist world through violence. |
| Theodore Herzl | Led Zionist movement in 1898, which has the goal of restoring a homeland for Jews in Palestine. |
| Autocracy | Modern term for absolute government control over its people, unlimited power of one person over others, dictatorship. |
| October Manifesto | New promise of freedom of press/speech. Meetings by Tsar Nicholas II to Russian people in 1905, called the Duma to session. Violated by the Tsar. |
| Will to Power | Nietzsche's idea that the strongest is the one who overcomes the ruler of society, realizing truth and morality do not exist. |
| Imperialism | Movement of late 1800s by European nations, take over and dominate less developed cultures economically, socially and politically, ensure the control of natural resources. |
| Syndicalism | Revisionist Marxist theory espoused by George Sorel, workers unions will eventually take over all society and its functions including government, closely associated with anarchism. |
| Scramble for Africa | Set off by Leopold II of Belgium when he tried to explore and claim the Congo area. The Berlin Conference of 1885 set the rules to avoid conflict between European nations. |
| Protectorate | System used by European Imperialist nations to dominate a colonial area while leaving a local king or chief as head of state, less animosity from locals, easier to control. |
| Balkan Wars (1912-13) | War is declared to rid southeast central European peninsula of the Ottomans. Once accomplished a second war breaks out between the states of the same peninsula over borders in new territories taken from the Turks. |