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Invertebrates Animals that lack a backbone Vertebrates Animals that possess a backbone Spherical Symmetry If an organism can be cut into two identical halves by any cut that runs through the organisms's center what is it? Radial Symmetry If an organism can be cut into two identical halves by any longitudinal cut through its center what is it? Bilateral Symmetry If an organism cut into two identical halves by a single longitudinal cut along its center which divides it into right and left halves what is it? Epidermis An outer layer of cells designed to provide protection Mesenchyme The jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge Collar Cells Flagellated cells that push water through a sponge Amoebocytes Cells that move using pseudopods and perform different functions in different animals Gemmule A cluster of cells encased in a hard, spicule-reinforced shell Epithelium Animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substances Mesoglea The jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian Nematocysts Small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or other predators Testes Organs that produce sperm Ovaries Organs that produce eggs Polyp The sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other Medusa A free swimming cnidarian with a bell shaped body and tentacles Anterior end The end of an animal that contains its head Posterior end The end of an animal that contains its tail Circulatory system A system designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creature's body Nervous system A system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch, and taste Ganglia Masses of nerve cell bodies Hermaphroditic Possessing both the male and the female reproductive organs Regeneration The ability to regrow a missing part of the body Mantle A sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, makes the mollusk's shell, and performs respiration Shell A tough, multilayered structure secreted by the mantle, generally used for protection, but sometimes for body support Visceral hump A hump that contains a mollusk's heart, digestive, and excretory organs Foot A muscular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal Radula An organ covered with teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths Univalve An organism with a single shell Bivalve An organism with two shells