5 Written Questions

1. Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil- restoring crops with cash crops and reducing in-puts of fertilizer and pesticides.
2. agriculture that uses smaller amounts of pesticides, fertilizers, growth hormones, water and fossil fuel energy than are used in industrial agriculture.
3. Occurs when natural or human-induced processes decrease the future ability of land to support crops, livestock, or wild species.
4. uses mostly human labor and draft animals to produce only enough crops or livestock for a farm family's survival
5. Thin strips and patches of vegetation that surround streams. They are very important habitats and resources for wildlife.

5 Matching Questions

1. organic farming
2. industrialized agriculture
3. organic fertilizer
4. overnutrition
5. fisheries

1. a Concentrations of particular aquatic species suitable for commercial harvesting in a given ocean area or inland body of water.
2. b Too much food energy or excess nutrients to the degree of causing disease or increasing risk of disease; a form of malnutrition
3. c Producing crops and livestock naturally by using organic fertilizer (manure, legumes, compost) and natural pest control (bugs that eat harmful bugs, plants that repel bugs, and environmental controls such as crop rotation) instead of using commercial inorganic fertilizers and synthetic pesticides and herbicides. See sustainable agriculture.
4. d plant or animal wastes or both; ex: manure & compost. Sig - provides an input of nutrients for soil without leaching
5. e Using large inputs of energy from fossil fuels (especially oil and natural gas), water, fertilizer, and pesticides to produce large quantities of crops and livestock for domestic and foreign sale. Compare subsistence farming.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. foods that have been enhanced via the use of recombinant dna, ie having corn with vitamins, rice with vitamins or pest resistant tomatoes
   1. soil erosion
   2. desertification
   3. genetically modified food
   4. land degradation
2. plants, like rye, alfalfa or clover, that can be planted immediately after harvest to hold and protect the soil
   1. overgrazing
   2. overfishing
   3. alley cropping
   4. cover crops
3. shaping the land to create level shelves of earth to hold water and soil; requires extensive hand labor or expensive machinery, but it enables farmers to farm very steep hillsides
   1. terracing
   2. waterlogging
   3. overgrazing
   4. overfishing
4. the study of specific relationships of crops and farm animals to their enviroment and to each other
   1. agroforestry
   2. Monoculture
   3. terracing
   4. agroecology
5. the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert
   1. desertification
   2. salinization
   3. malnutrition
   4. overnutrition

5 True/False Questions

1. windbreaks → Concentrations of particular aquatic species suitable for commercial harvesting in a given ocean area or inland body of water.

   True        False

2. waterlogging → shaping the land to create level shelves of earth to hold water and soil; requires extensive hand labor or expensive machinery, but it enables farmers to farm very steep hillsides

   True        False

3. plantation agriculture → Production system based on a large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop. Almost all plantations were established within the tropics; in recent decades, many have been divided into smaller holdings or reorganized as cooperatives

   True        False

4. high-input agriculture → agriculture that uses smaller amounts of pesticides, fertilizers, growth hormones, water and fossil fuel energy than are used in industrial agriculture.

   True        False

5. traditional intensive agriculture → uses mostly human labor and draft animals to produce only enough crops or livestock for a farm family's survival

   True        False