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Hearing The process in which sound waves strike the eardrum and cause vibrations that are transmitted to the brain. Mindless Listening When we react to others' messages automatically and routinely, without much mental investment. Mindful listening Giving careful and thoughtful attention and responses to the messages we receive. Listening Fidelity The degree of congruence between what a listener understands and what the message sender was attempting to communicate. Pseudolistening An imitation of actual listening, giving the appearance of being attentive. Stage Hogging A listening style in which the receiver is more concerned with making his or her own point than in understanding the speaker. Selective Listening When people respond only to the parts of a speaker's remarks that interest them, rejecting everything else. Filling in Gaps A listening habit that involves adding details never mentioned by a speaker to complete a message. Insulated Listening A style in which the receiver ignores undesirable information. Defensive Listening When the listener takes innocent comments as personal attacks. Ambushing A style of listening in which the speaker will carefully listen to you, but only because he or she is collecting information that will be used to attack what you have to say. Attending A phase of the listening process in which the communicator focuses on a message, excluding other messages. Understanding A stage of the listening process in which the receiver attaches meaning to a message. Remembering A phase of the listening process in which a message is recalled. Responding Giving observable feedback to the listener. Silent Listening Staying attentive and nonverbally responsive without offering any verbal feedback. Questioning When the listener asks the speaker for additional information. Open Questions Questions that allow for a variety of extended responses. Closed Questions Questions that limit the range of possible responses, such as questions that seek a yes or no answer. Sincere Questions Genuine attempts to elicit information to others. Counterfeit Questions Questions that are disguised attempts to send a message rather than elicit information. Paraphrasing Feedback that restates, in your own words, the message you thought the speaker sent. Empathizing A listening response that conveys the sender's attitude rather than simply offering an objective description. Supporting Responses that reveal the listener's solidarity with the speaker's situation. Analyzing A listening response in which the listener offers an interpretation of a speaker's message. Evaluating A response that appraises the sender's thoughts or behaviors in some way. Advising A listening response in which the receiver offers suggestions about how the speaker should deal with a problem. Listening The process of making sense of others' spoken words.