arq 23 &24
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Created by:
katie_g on February 16, 2011
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Description:
still workin on it
Classes:
Was's History, Pre-IB 9 World History, RiahZ, Was's Euro History, OSHS IB
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) | part of 1st new deal; May 12, 1933; paid farmers subsidies not to plant wheat and corn; sows and baby pigs were killed to drive up the price of pork; loans to farmers; by 1936, prices were up 50% and subsidies were down; successful but considered unconstitutional |
| "alphabet soup agencies" | In 1933 President Franklin D. Roosevelt launched his New Deal to deal with the Great Depression. The administrative style was to create new agencies. Some were set up by Congress (such as TVA) and others by Roosevelt's Executive Order (such as WPA). The agencies were also referred to as "alphabet soup".FIB,CIA,EPA,etc. |
| bank holiday | Emergency banking bill passed, 4-day bank holiday - banks closed and bank inspectors came in, any bank that was healthy was reopened |
| "Black Tuesday" | stock market crash; October 29, 1929; stocks overvalued (not representative of the actual worth of the corporation); massive fraud (no regulation of market); speculators began selling off, causing a drop in stock prices - $30 billion "disappeared" |
| Bonus March | Group of WWI veterans who were supposed to be given economic relief from the government due to their involvement in the war. However, in 1932 the deadline for the veterans was pushed back by the government to a latter date thus causing the group to march onto Washington to demand their money. Excessive force was used to disband these protesters, and because they were veterans and heroes of this country, Hoover's popularity plummeted because of it. |
| buying on margin | Purching stock with a little money down with the promise of paying the balance at sometime in the future |
| Calvin Coolidge | became president when Harding died of pneumonia. He was known for practicing a rigid economy in money and words, and acquired the name "Silent Cal" for being so soft-spoken. He was a true republican and industrialist. Believed in the government supporting big business. |
| deficit spending | High gov't spending in excess of tax revenues based on the ideas of British economist John Maynard Keynes, who proposed in the 1930s that gov'ts should be prepared to go into debt to stimulate a stagnant economy |
| depression | A long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low prices and low levels of trade and investment; time period during the 1930s when there was a worldwide economic depression and mass unemployment |
| dole | a share of money or food or clothing that has been charitably given |
| Dust Bowl | area that was devastated first by drought, then by wind that drove clouds of topsoil away; partially caused by poor farming methods and overgrazing that destroyed prairie grasslands; Southern great plains 1928/9; too much stuff i.e. livestock, overproducing |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | part of 2nd new deal; created by the Glass-Steagall Banking Act-made it illegal for banks to speculate in the stock market with depositors' funds; guaranteed individual deposits |
| Marcus Garvey | Many poor urban African Americans turned to this powerful leader in the 1920s. He founded the UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association), urged black economic cooperation and helped African Americans start businesses. He supported "back-to-Africa" movement. |
| Harlem Renaissance | NYC 1919-1935; blacks fleeing repression of south congregated in harlem (pop increase 10x); writers, poets, artists, dancers, musicians,, historians turned harlem into a place of black cultural exploration; langston hughes, duke ellington |
| Herbert Hoover | won 1928 election; republican; didn't want business regulations, wanted markets to be free running with minimum regulation; refused to do anything on philosophical grounds; est. Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Hoover Dam (created jobs and provided electricity) / Hoovervilles |
| Hoover blankets | term used to describe the newspapers that were used to keep the homeless warm; blamed hoover for much of the depression |
| Hoovervilles | Shanty towns that the unemployed built in the cities during the early years of the Depression; the name given to them shows that thte people blamed Hoover directly for the Depression. |
| Hundred Days | also known as the first new deal; 14 bills sent to congress; all were passed; focused on the "3 Rs": relief-immediate aid to the needy; recovery-getting the nation back on its feet; reform-fixing what's wrong with us to prevent another great depression |
| Ku Klux Klan | used terrorism tactics; nativism, Christianity, law and order, protection fo "pur white womanhood"; blacks remained targets, but jews, catholics, labor unionists, and foreigners were also victims; rarely were convicted of crimes b/c the members were often locally politically powerful; 1925 march on D.C. (50,000 participants) Anti-Defamation League and NAACP fought KKK influence through the media and Congress |
| John L. Lewis | President of the United Mine Workers, combined with seven other American Federation of Labor organizations to form the Committee for Industrial Organization. Wanted to bring together all of the unskilled workers together to mass-production industries |
| Huey Long ("Kingfish") | "Every man a king"; "Share our wealth"/"robin hood" plan - basically take from the rich and give to the poor; LA governor and senator; wanted gov't to confiscate incomes over $1 million and redistribute to poor; assassinated 1935 |
| lynching | hanging; terrorist attacks of KKK on blacks, jews, catholics, etc. |
| National Recovery Administration (NRA) | businesses were asked to voluntarily follow wage, hours, and price codes; 40 hr work week; $.40 min wage; protected unions; Blue Eagle symbol of voluntary compliance |
| New Deal | 14 bills sent to congress; all were passed; focused on the "3 Rs": relief-immediate aid to the needy; recovery-getting the nation back on its feet; reform-fixing what's wrong with us to prevent another great depression |
| normalcy | What Harding wanted a return to "normalcy" - the way life was before WW I. |
| "Okies" | unflattering name given to Oklahomans and others from the rural Midwest, especially those who left the Dust Bowl looking for better lives during the 1930s |
| Prohibition | 18th amendment, law banned the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages, took effect in Jan 1920, caused intense pubic resistance - speakeasies, bootleggers, involved with organized crime; repealed by 21st amendment in 1933 |
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation | independant agency of the United States government. It granted over 2 billion dollars to the local and state governments. It was charted under the Herbert Hoover administration. |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | 32nd US President - He began New Deal programs to help the nation out of the Great Depression, and he was the nation's leader during most of WWII |
| Rural Electrification Administration (REA) | part of 2nd new deal; put electricity co-ops into remote areas of the country where utility companies had refused to go; by 1941, over 50% of farms had electricity (up from <10% in 1930) |
| Scopes Trial | "Monkey" Trial; 1925 TN; ACLU ran ad seeking teaching willing to help challenge the new law forbidding the teaching of evolution in the public schools; Scopes/Clarence Darrow v William Jennings Bryan; became a media circus-banners, food vendors, rumors; Scopes found guilty and fined $100 which was reversed on appeal, Bryan died few days later; law not appealed until 1967 |
| Scottsboro boys | Nine young black men between the ages of 13 to 19 were accused of of raping two white women by the names of Victoria Price and Ruby Bates. All of the young men were charged and convicted of rape by white juries, despite the weak and contradictory testimonies of the witnesses |
| Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) | est federal regulation of the stock market; curbed abuses of speculators, etc.; Joe Kennedy (worst speculator of them all) put in charge on the theory "it takes a thief to catch a thief" |
| Social Security Act | part of 2nd new deal; 1935; old age insurance; disability compensation; payments to widows and orphans |
| stock market speculation | oct 1929 caused stock market crash; speculators began selling off, causing a drop in stock prices - $30 billion "disappeared" |
| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | TN River flooded each spring, killing hundreds every year; TVA set up a series fo hydroelectric dams to control the flooding and bring electricity to the most remote area of US |
| United Fruit Company | company in which many U.S. citizens hold stocks in, controlled half the land in Guatemala and provided many jobs...when the government of Guatemala wanted to take the land, the U.S. intervened and over threw the government |
| Wagner Act | part of 2nd new deal; aka National Labor Relations Act; restored unions' rights to collective bargaining; gave enforcement power to the National Labor Relations Board, making NLRB the mediator b/w employers and unions; union membership skyrocketed |
| welfare capitalism | syst. of labor relations that stresses management's responsibility for the employee's well-being. originating in the 1920s, offered benefits - stock plans, health care, old-age pensions - and designed to maintain a stable workforce and undercut the growth of trade unions |
| welfare state | nation that provides the basic needs of citizens (old-age pensions, unemployment compensation, child-care facilities, education, and other social program). New deal brought this to u.s. in 1930s |
| Works Progress Administration (WPA) | part of 2nd new deal; built public projects like bridges, roads, airports, public parks; funded literacy projects and public arts like sculptures, murals, theater, etc.; Florida Keys bridges, Fort Knox, Holland Tunnel; eventually employed 8 million people |
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