| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Cabinet | A group of advisers to the president |
| Bill of Rights | One of the most important acts of Congress; while drafting it Madison relied heavily on the Virgina Deceleration of Rights; there were 12 amendment but only 10 were approved (& went into effect in 1791) |
| Tariff of 1789 | Required most importers to pay a percentage of the value of their cargo when they landed it in the U.S.; shippers also had to pay a tonnage-a tax based on how much their ships carried |
| Whiskey Rebellion | Hamilton's urging forced Congress to tax whiskey in 1791; Western farmers were furious because it was used as a form of exchange in the West & it was the easiest way for them to move their grain to the East; 1794 was when the rebellion actually occurred-in Western Pennsylvania farmers terrorized tax collectors, stopped court proceedings, robbed the mail, & destroyed the whiskey-making stills of the people who paid the tax; Washington sent 15,000 troops and the army dispersed the people without a fight |
| Pickney's Treaty | After Jay's Treaty the Spanish worried that the U.S. & Britain would attack their territory in the U.S. so they granted the U.S. the right to navigate the Mississippi & to use the Port of New Orleans |
| Treaty of Greenville | Signed by 12 Native American Nations in August 1795; they agreed to give up part of Southern Ohio & Indiana in exchange for a yearly payment of $10,000 from the federal gov't ; they also gave up land near where Chicago, Detroit, & Vincennes, Indiana are located today |
| XYZ Affair | The 3 men who refused to agree to paying $250,000 to France before they were allowed to talk about relations with them and a loan of $12 million |
| Quasi-War | In June 1798 Congress suspended trade with France and directed the Navy to capture armed French ships; an undeclared war |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | (Alien) For immigrants there was an increased number of years before they became citizens (14) because new citizens usually voted for democratic-republicans, (Sedition) It was illegal to criticize any presidential actions or any governmental officials; punishment: up to 25 yrs. in jail |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Written by Jefferson & Madison in response to the Alien & Sedition Acts; seen as a strike against free speech and press; stress the Compact Theory |
| Midnight Judges | Federalist majority passed the Judiciary Act of 1801 which created 16 new federal judges (all Federalists); nicknames midnight judges because John Adams was supposedly signing appointments until midnight on his last day in office |
| Louisiana Purchase | In 1803 Napoleon offered to sell all of the Louisiana Territory & New Orleans to the U.S. for $15 million; U.S. more than doubled in size and gained control of the entire Mississippi River |
| Lewis and Clark Expedition | (May 1804) Expedition into the Louisiana Territory to trace the Mississippi River and find a route to the Pacific Ocean; called the "Corps of Discovery" headed up the Missouri River; found a path through the Rocky Mountains and eventually traced the Columbia River to the Pacific; increased American knowledge of the territory and gave the U.S. a claim to the Oregon territory along the coast |
| Essex Junto | Small group of Federalists in Massachusetts that drafted a plan to take New England out of the Union |
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