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active immunity immunity provided by the body producing its own antibodies against a particular antigen; results from exposure to the antigen via infection or vaccine allergen substance that causes an allergic reaction antibody a protein made in response to a specific antigen that can attach to the antigen and cause it to be useless antigen a substance that stimulates an immune response artery a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart capillary smallest blood vessel; brings nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs carbon dioxide and waste products hemoglobin the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen infectious disease A disease that is caused by a pathogen and that can be spread from one individual to another. lymph the fluid that the lymphatic system collects and returns to the bloodstream noninfectious disease disease that is not caused by a pathogen passive immunity short-term immunity caused when antibodies produced by other animals for a pathogen are injected into the body pasteurization a process of heating food to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of the food plasma the liquid part of the blood platelet a cell fragment that plays an important part in forming blood clots vein a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart anaphylaxis life-threatening reaction to a foreign substance; symptoms include blockage of air passages, decreased blood pressure, generalized edema histamine chemical released by activated mast cells that increases the flow of blood and fluids to the surrounding area