1.
Afterload: pressure in the great vessels
2.
automaticy: property that enables the heart to generate its own impulses
3.
bruit: swooshing sound similar to sound of blood pressure
4.
cardiac output: amount of blood ejected from left ventricle
5.
diastole: ventricular relaxation
6.
fixed split: auscultating 2 components of cardiac cycle heard during inspiration and expiration. split is wide and results from right bundle branch block or early opening of aortic valve
7.
flat neck veins: barely visible neck veins
8.
hepatojugular reflex: test where examiner presses gently on liver to increase venous return. Pulstation increases for a few beats then returns to normal <3cm above sternal angle
9.
jugular venous distention: condition associated with heart failure and fluid volume overload. neck veins appear full and level of pulsation >3cm above sternal angle
10.
murmur: may result from intrinsic cardiovascular disease or circulatory disturbance (in adults usually indicates disease)
11.
nocturia: night urination; symptom associated with redistribution of fluid from legs to core when lying. as fluid shifts, kidneys are better perfused increasing urine production
12.
orthopnea: onset or worsening of dyspnea on assuming supine position with inprovement upon sitting up, most often in cardiac cases
13.
palpitation: rapid throbbing or fluttering of the heart, may be associated with arrhythmias
14.
pardoxical split: sound that occurs when pulmonic valve closes before aortic from left bundle branch block, right ventricular pacemaker. Usually fuse during inspiration
15.
paroxysomal nocturnal dyspnea: (cardiac asthma) sudden, severe SOB at night that awakens a person from sleep often with coughing and wheezing. associated with CHF
16.
point of maximal intensity: point where the inferior tip of heart may cause a pulsation
17.
preload: volume in right atrium at end of diastole
18.
pulse deficit: apical pulse minus # of missed beats
19.
rub: sign of acute pericarditis; triple phased during midsystole, middiastole and presystole. scratchy, leathery quality results from parietal and visceral pleaurae rubbing. increases on leaning forward and during exhalation. heard best in 3rd left ICS at sternal border
20.
sinus arrhythmia: normal variation of heart rate which increases at peak of inspiration and slows at the peak of expiration
21.
snap: early diastolic sound associated with mitral stenosis
22.
split heart sound: occurs when valves close at slightly different times
23.
systole: contraction of ventricles
24.
wide split: found with right bundle branch block from delayed depolarization of the right ventricle