Chapter 29 Vocab
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nutrition | The process of obtaining raw materials from food. |
| Ingestion | The act of eating food or drinking; the first stage of food processing. |
| Digestion | Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into molecules small enough for absorption; the second stage of food processing. |
| Absorption | Uptake of small nutrient molecules; the third stage of food processing. |
| Elimination | Passage of undigested material from the digestive tract; the fourth stage of food processing. |
| Alimentary Canal | Digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus. |
| Saliva | Liquid secreted into the mouth that contains mucus and digestive enzymes that start chemical digestion. |
| Bolus | Chewed clump of food that leaves the mouth and travels through the alimentary canal. |
| Pharynx | The junction in the throat of the alimentary canal and the trachea. |
| Esophagus | Muscle-encased tube of the alimentary canal that transports food from the pharynx to the stomach. |
| Peristalsis | Series of smooth muscle contractions that push food through the alimentary canal. |
| Stomach | Elastic, muscular sac where some chemical and some mechanical digestion take place. |
| Chyme | Liquid mixture of food and stomach fluids released from the stomach into the small intestine. |
| Small Intestine | Long, narrow tube where digestion is completed and most absorption occurs. |
| Liver | Largest organ in the body; performs many functions such as producing bile, storing glucose as glycogen, and transforming ammonia to urea. |
| Gallbladder | Organ that stores bile from the liver and releases it into the small intestine. |
| Pancreas | Gland that makes digestive enzymes and secrets them into the small intestine; makes the hormones insulin and glucagon and secretes them into the blood. |
| Villus | Fingerlike projection of the inner surface of the small intestine that functions in absorbing nutrients. |
| Large Intestine | Portion of the alimentary canal from which water is reabsorbed into the body. |
| Feces | Undigested food material and other waste products that exit the body through the anus. |
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