Test 1 Intro to sonography
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Created by:
williabc42 on February 20, 2011
Subjects:
Description:
abbrv, prefixes, and suffix, vocab 1-4, PPTs, communication, grieving process, infection control, types of memory, smds, ardms, aium and their responsibilities, people in history of U/S.
Classes:
Apollo College, Intro to Sonography
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135 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 AIUM | promote the usage of ultrasound in physical medicine |
| SDMS | promotes excellence in the field and sets high educational standards. adopted a code of conduct |
| ARDMS | evaluates and certifies the proficiency of sonographers |
| brachio- | arm |
| cardio- | heart |
| co- | together |
| colo- | colon, large intestine |
| contra- | against |
| cysto- | bladder |
| dactyl- | pertaining to fingers or toes |
| decub- | side |
| dorso- | back |
| dys- | difficult or painful |
| ecto- | outside |
| encephalo- | pertaining to brain |
| endo- | within |
| entero- | pertaining to the intestines |
| epi- | upon |
| gastro- | pertaining to the stomach |
| hema-/hemo- | pertaining to blood |
| hemi- | half |
| hepato- | pertaining to liver |
| hydro- | pertaining to water |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -oid | like |
| -oma | tumor |
| -osis | abnormal condition or process |
| -pathy | abnormality |
| -phobia | abnormal fear |
| -plasty | surgical correction |
| -ptosis | falling or drooping |
| -rhapy | suture |
| -scopy | inspection |
| -tomy | incision |
| -uria | contained within the urine |
| ultrasound | Sound with frequencies above the upper limits of the human ear (2 to 20 MHz). |
| sonography | The imaging of deep structures of the body by recording echoes of pulses of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues and reflected by tissue planes where there is a change in density. |
| Acoustics | the scientific study of sound, especially of its generation, transmission, and reception. |
| sonographer | an Allied Health professional with special training in the use of ultrasound equipment for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. One who graphs or draws with sound. |
| transducer | a device that converts electrical signals into ultrasound waves and ultrasound waves back into electrical impulses. |
| sonologist | a person who studies sinology, the science of sound. |
| sonometer | an instrument for measuring the sharpness and range of hearing through the use of controlled amounts of sound. |
| sagittal | a vertical plane passing through the standing body from front to back. The mid-sagittal, or median, plane splits the body into equal left and right halves. |
| superior | in anatomy, above or over top of. |
| inferior | in anatomy, below or toward the feet. |
| longitudinal | or relating to length. It means along the length, or running lengthwise. |
| transverse | a horizontal plane passing through the standing body so that the transverse plane is parallel to the floor. |
| medial | relating to, situated in, or extending toward the middle. |
| lateral | structure lying away from the midline. |
| coronal | the plane that divides the body into front and back portions. |
| christian johann doppler | an Austrian scientist who first postulated the effect of motion on the pitch of sounds and named it the Doppler Effect. |
| curie brothers | discovered piezoelectricity. They established the presence of the piezoelectric effect when they observed that crystals will expand and contract when placed in an alternating electrical field. Their discoveries led to the development of the modern transducer. |
| piezoelectricity | The property of certain crystals that causes them to produce voltage when a mechanical pressure such as sound vibrations is applied to them. |
| john wild | first to use ultrasound to detect tissue thickness. researched that cancerous tissue is different from normal tissue. constructed early prototype breat scanner and rectal transducer to scan large bowel. |
| ian donald | developed a contact compound scanner along with Tom Brown in 1957. In 1960 they developed a mechanical sector scanner, then later a hand-held scanner which they called the diasonograph. He is credited with contributing to the diagnosis of hydramnios, multiple pregnancies, and hydatidiform. He also introduced the fluid-filled bladder technique. He is well known as the "father of obstetric ultrasound" for the first demonstration of a fetal gestational sac. |
| body mechanics | the use of correct movements during the performance of any activity. |
| vital signs | - temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure as indicators of the functioning of the body. |
| medical asepsis | measures taken to keep health care workers, patients, and the environment clean to prevent the spread of germs; sterile or free of microorganisms |
| strict isolation | Separation from others to prevent the spread, by contact or airborne transmission, of highly contagious diseases. |
| respiratory isolation | used to protect others from germs in the patient's nose, mouth, throat, and lungs. It is used for diseases that are airborne. |
| enteric precautions | used in diseases involving ingestion of disease-producing microorganisms to protect others from germs in the patient's bowels, bladder, and stomach. |
| wound-skin precations | used to protect others from germs in patient's wounds or any other heavily contaminated areas. |
| reverse protective isolation | protects patients from the germs of others. It is used with persons who have extremely impaired resistance. |
| tachycardia | an abnormally fast heart rate. Can be caused by heart problems, fever, and overactive thyroid, or drugs. |
| bradycardia | abnormally slow pulse. |
| hypertension | a persistently high arterial blood pressure |
| hypotension | a persistently low arterial blood pressure |
| dyspnea | - labored breathing |
| systolic pressure | The contraction of the heart. |
| diastolic pressure | The relaxation of the heart between contractions. The dilation or enlargement of an opening or a hollow organ or tube. |
| respiration | the act of respiring; inhalation and exhalation of air; breathing. |
| colostomy | surgical procedure to form an artificial opening in the large bowel. |
| ileostomy | an artificial opening into the ileum. |
| intravenous | an artificial opening into the ileum. |
| universal precautions | suggested program to provide safety to both patient and caregiver from blood or certain infections. The CDC and other federal agencies have compiled these recommendations. |
| pythagoras | greek mathematician, began systematic study of sound and observed the relationship between sound pitch and frequency |
| archytas of tarentum | greek schloar; defined nature of sound. sound is produced by the motion of one object striking another. fast motion - high pitch. slow motion - low pitch. |
| aristotle | greek philosopher; produced theory of sound propagation. sound is carried by the ears by the movement of air |
| boethius | roman philosopher; first to compare sound waves to the waves produced by dropping a pebble into a calm body of water. |
| leonardo da vinci | originated the idea that sound travels in waves. credited discovery that angle of reflection = angle of incidence. |
| galileo | frequency of sound waves determine pitch |
| sir isaac newton | derivation of the theory of velocity |
| robert boyle | popularized the theory of elasticity of air |
| lord rayleigh | published the theory of sound. marked the beginning of the modern study of acoustics |
| lazzaro spallanzani | studied activities of bats. theorized bats were listening to something he could not hear. |
| george ludwig | first used ultrasound to detect gallstones at MIT |
| G.W. Pierce | invented a sonic detector |
| Karl Dussik | became first physician to use ultrasound for diagnostic purposes |
| william fry | explored possibilities that high intensity ultrasound could provide a noninvasive lower risk surgical technique. designed multiple transducer system of focused high intensity beams to produce pinpoint lesion without damaging surrounding tissue. |
| francis fry and elizabeth kelly | studied use of ultrasound to detect breast cancer. kelly is one of the leading authorities on ultrasonic breast scanning |
| Communication | exchange of information by sending and receiving messages. |
| Sender | the originator of the message or idea |
| Interaction | feedback that results from the receiver's response |
| Receiver | someone to receive and interpret the message |
| Verbal Communication | transmission of words in either verbal or written form |
| Nonverbal Communication | eye contact, facial expressions, body movements & postures, tone of voice and touch |
| Competency | The state or quality of being adequately or well qualified; ability. A specific range of skill, knowledge, or ability. In sonography requires continuing education in addition to training. |
| Confidentiality | discretion in keeping secret information, patient's right to privacy of all medical information |
| Ethnicity | an ethnic quality or affiliation resulting from racial or cultural ties; |
| Culture | The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought. These patterns, traits, and products considered as the expression of a particular period, class, community, or population |
| Mores | The accepted traditional customs and usages of a particular social group, their moral values. |
| Traditions | Beliefs or customs taught by one generation to the next, often orally. |
| Personal Space | region surrounding a person which they regard as psychologically theirs. Invasion of personal space often leads to discomfort, anger, or anxiety on the part of the victim. Personal space varies from culture to culture. |
| Social Conversation | automatic type of communication that people use out of habit. Consists of polite friendly exchanges of factual and social information. |
| Supportive conversation | goal oriented and information bearing, patient information is obtained. |
| Grieving Process | stages of behaviors that people experience when a loss occurs. The process often takes a considerable time period and passage through it may not go smoothly or in the "proper" order. |
| Grieving Process: Stage 1 | denial & isolation: the "no-not me" stage |
| Grieving Process: Stage 2 | anger: "why me?" stage |
| Grieving Process: Stage 3 | bargaining: bargain with God in an attempt to postpone the inevitable |
| Grieving Process: Stage 4 | depression: realize the reality of their loss |
| Grieving Process: Stage 5 | acceptance: patient is at peace with him/herself, controlled stage where intense feelings are absent. |
| Hemoptysis | bloody sputum |
| Hemostasis | stopping the flow of blood. |
| Hernia | protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the muscular wall. |
| Hyperplasia | an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in a tissue or organ. |
| Hypertension | a persistently high arterial blood pressure. |
| Hypervolemia | an abnormal increase in the circulating blood volume. |
| Hypoplasia | underdevelopment of tissue or an organ, usually caused by a decrease in the number of cells. |
| Hemorrhage | excessive bleeding. |
| Incontinence | inability to hold urine or feces. |
| Intercostal | between the ribs. |
| Interstitial | lying between;the spaces beween the cells;intercellular. |
| Intravenous | within a vein,often meaning an injection into a vein. |
| Ligation | the application of a tie around a vessel or hollow tube, such as the fallopian tubes. |
| Malaise | weakness, lack of energy, and vague sense of bodily discomfort. |
| Menorrhagia | profuse menstrual flow. |
| Metabolism | the chemical processes of life. |
| Metrorrhagia | abnormal bleeding from the uterus during the intermenstrual period. |
| Micturation | the passing of urine. |
| MI | heart attack. |
| Necrosis | the death or decay of one or more cells, or a portion of tissue in which the growth is uncontrolled and progressive;usually results from an interruption of blood supply or injury. |
| Nephron | a microscopic functional unit in the cortex of the kidney. |
| Nocturia | excessive urination at night. |
| Occlusion | a blockage |
| Oophorectomy | the surgical removal of an ovary. |
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