Oral Bio -Unit 4 The Tooth Functions and Terms
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 6 Functions of the teeth | 1. protection of oral cavity 2. mastication 3. speech/communication 4. esthetics 5. tools/weapons 6. aid in digestion |
| area where crown and root meet | Cementoenamel junction CEJ |
| actual crown and actual root; never depends on eruption; never changes other than through attrition or other physical wear | Anatomical crown/root |
| what is seen clinically; the protion of the crown and or root that is visible and not covered by gingiva | Clinical crown/root |
| portion of jaw that supports teeth; resorbs when teeth are extracted | Alveolar process |
| a socket which holds individual teeth | Alveolus |
| teeth in the upper jaw | Maxillary teeth |
| teeth in the lower jaw | Mandibular teeth |
| What are the 4 tissues making up teeth | 1. Enamel 2. Dentin 3. Cementum 4. Pulp |
| hardest tissue in the body | Enamel |
| Makeup of Enamel | 96% mineralized or inorganic 1% organic 3% water |
| natural wearing away of teeth by tooth to tooth contact such as grinding the teeth | Attrition |
| enamel lost by chemical means and what are they | Erosion -acid content of vomit -overuse of acid containing -acidic foods |
| makes up the bulk of tooth; hard and calcified; can repair itself | Dentin |
| Makeup of Dentin | 70% mineralized or inorganic 20% organic 10% water |
| dentin deposited before completion of apical foramen | Primary dentin |
| Secondary dentin | -lies between pulp chamber and primary dentin -formed after completion of apical foramen -more calcified than primary dentin -forms at a slower rate than primary dentin continues to form throughout the life of the tooth -provides protection to pulp horns; reduces overall pulp chamber |
| formed in response to trauma; located directly beneath trauma; cavity preparation, decay, occlusal stress | reparative dentin |
| Cementum | -bone like substance covering tooth's root -main function:provides attachment medium for tooth to the alveolar bone -thin at CEJ thicker at apex |
| Makeup of Cementum | 45-50% mineralized inorgagic 50-55% organic trace amounts of water |
| primary; covers the whole root; formed at a slow rate | Acellular cementum |
| secondary; only at apical 1/3; can reproduce itself and compensate for occlusal wear (attrition) formed at a faster rate | Cellular cementum |
| Junction of enamel patterns | 60-65% of all teeth overlap - cementum overlaps a small part of the enamel 30% of all teeth meet - cementum meets enamel edge to edge 5-10% of all teeth gap - cementum and enamel do not meet; exposes dentin; adds to probability of sensitivity |
| supply WBC's to fight bacterial invasion and nourishment to activate and support the formation of secondary dentin | Blood vessels |
| filter fluids in the pulp | lymph vessels |
| support system for the structures in the pulp | connective tissue |
| respond to pain in the pulp | nerve tissue |
| dentin forming cells | lined with odontoblasts |
| Function of pulp | provide nourishment; sensory properties; supports the reparative system of dentin |
| What 5 things does the pulp consist of? | 1. blood vessel 2. lymph vessels 3. connective tissue 4. nerve tissue 5. lined with odontoblasts |
| located in the coronal portion of the tooth | pulp chamber/coronal pulp |
| located in the radicular portion of the tooth | pulp canals/root canals |
| extensions of coronal pulp into cusps of posterior teeth | pulp horns |
| 3 basic food precession functions | 1. cutting 2. holding/grasping 3. grinding |
| function of teeth determined by 3 things | 1. size 2. shape 3. location in dental arch |
| function of incisors | shovel shape aid in guiding food into the mouth |
| function of canines | -hold or grasp, used as weapon or tool -longest roots -strong anchor at the corner of the mouth due to the wedge shape in cross-section |
| function of Premolars | cross between canine and molar; hold and grind |
| function of molars | chew and grind, designed to interlock or intercuspate with opposing arch |
| surfaces next to each other in the same arch | proximal surfaces |
| all developmental growth centers of tooth | lobe |
| lines denoting where fusion of the lobes took place | developmental grooves |
| small elevation of extra enamel on the crown | tubercle |
| depression on concavity on the tooth, location determines name | fossa |
| lingual lob of an anterior tooth | cingulum |
| a pinpoint depression; location determines name | pit |
| mound on crown that makes up major division of occlusal or incisal surface | cusp |
| small rounded projections of enamel on incisal edge of newly erupted teeth | mamelons |
| rounded linear elevation on a surface of a tooth | ridge |
| rounded linear elevation of enamel that form mesial or distal borders of occlusal surfaces on posterior teeth and mesial and distal boarders on lingual of anterior teeth | marginal ridge |
| carved out or indented area | concavity |
| opposite of concave; bulging out | convexity |
| ridge that descends from the tips of the cusps of molars and premolars toward the central part of the occlusal surface | triangular ridge |
| the union of two triangular ridges | transverse ridges |
| secondary grooves other than the main dividing lines | supplemental grooves |
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