AP Euro Anchor People
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Created by:
sangragganguli on February 21, 2011
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Description:
List of all the important people of the European History.
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153 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Edward III of England | started 100 years war. |
| Charles VII of France | First national Army; won the 100 yrs war |
| Dante | Divine Comedy |
| Chaucer | Canterbury Tales |
| Pico Della Mirandola | On the Dignity of Man |
| Bocaccio | The Decameron |
| Valla | On Pleasure |
| Castiglione | The Courtier |
| Machiavelli | The Prince |
| DaVinci | Mona Lisa; Last Supper |
| Michelangelo | The Sistine Chapel; David(marble) |
| Louis XI of France | Spider King |
| Henry VII of England | Won War of Roses; Established Tudor Dynasty |
| Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain | sent Columbus to the New World; Expelled Jews and Mores from Granada (Reconquista) |
| Thomas More | Utopia |
| Erasmus | In Praise of Folly |
| Martin Luther | 95 Thesis; started Protestant Reformation |
| John Calvin | Started Calvinism; Instuitute of Christian Religion |
| Charles V | Holy Roman Empire of 16th century (habsburg) |
| John Knox | Started Presbyterian Church in Scotland |
| Henry VIII of England | Started Anglican Church (started English Reformation) |
| Mary I of England | a.k.a Bloody Mary for killing 300 Protestants (Mary Tudor) |
| Gustavus Adol Phus | Lutheran King of Sweden; saves protestant side in 3rd stage of 30 yrs war; Won Batle of Brentonfeld and Lutzen |
| Henry IV of France | Henry of Navarre; Won the War of 3 Henry's; passed out Edict of Nantes; Politique |
| Philip II of Spain | sent out Spanish Armada; started inquistion in Netherlands |
| Elizabeth I of England | Defeated the Spanish Armada; Politique |
| Vasco Da Gama | Portuguese Explorer who rounded Cape of Good Hope to India |
| Christopher Columbus | was sponsored by Ferdinand and Isabella; goal was to get to Asia by sailing West |
| Magellan | led the first crew to circumnavigate the globe; named the Pacific Ocean |
| Cortez | Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs |
| Pizzaro | Spanish conquistador eho conquered the Incans |
| Sir Francis Drake | Sea-Dog; Defeated the Spanish Armada; 2nd to circumnavigate the Globe |
| Michel de Montaigne | Father of Skepticism; writes an essay |
| Richelieu | 1st minister of Louis XIII |
| Louis XIV | sun king; French absolute monarch who built the palace of Versailles; Revoked Edict of Nantes |
| Colbert | financial minister of Louis XIV who pushed through Mercantalism |
| James I | Stuart Dynasty (England); Divine right monarch |
| Charles I | Beheaded after English Civil War (lost the English Civil War) |
| Oliver Cromwell | Puritanical Leader (Lord Protector) during the English Civil War |
| William and Mary of Orange | took over England with Glorious Revolution |
| Robert Walpole | 1st Prime Minister of England |
| John Locke | wrote 2nd Treatise of the Civil Government; supported social contract and believed in people's right to revolt; Essay Concerning Human Understanding; Tabula Rasa- mind born blank, learn through experience |
| Thomas Hobbes | Believed in social contract but not in people's right to revolt; wrote Leviathan |
| Fredrick William I | Soldier King; Prussian Absolutism |
| Peter the Great | modernized/ westernized Russian military and won Great Northern War |
| Charles VI of Austria | Pragmatic Sanction |
| Cervantes | Don Quixote |
| Copernicus | wrote On The Revolutions Of The Heavenly Spheres; Heliocentric theory |
| Kepler | Came up with 3 laws of planetary motions |
| Galileo | came up with laws of inertia; studied rough surfaces on the moon |
| Newton | wrote Principia; Laws of Gravity |
| Francis Bacon | Father of Empiricism; experimenting; inductive reasoning |
| Descartes | Deductive reasoning; doubting; math; I Think; Therefore, I Am; Cartesian Dualism (mind and matter) |
| Fontenelle | Conversations On The Plurality Of the World |
| Bayle | Leading skeptic of the Enlightenment; wrote "Historical and Critical Dictionary |
| Montesquie | Spirit of Laws; checks and balances; admired English government; separation of powers |
| Voltaire | Candide; against optimism and organized religion; diest; believed in Enlightened absolutism |
| Rousseau | Social Contract; General Will |
| Diderot | edited the Encycolpedia |
| Madame Geoffrin | Godmother of the Encyclopedia; hosted famous salons |
| Frederick the Great of Prussia | won Silesia from Austria (Maria Theresa) in the wars of mid-18th century; Enlightened Monarch |
| Catherine the Great of Russia | Enlightened Monarch; partitioned Poland and westernized Russian culture |
| Joseph II of Austria | Enlightened Monarch who freed Serfs and tolerated Jews |
| Louis XV of France | Absolutism declined under his rign because parlements challenged his authority (issue of sovereignty) |
| Jethro Tull | invented seed drill |
| John Kay | Flying Shuttle helped with weaving process |
| Adam Smith | Started Laissez Faire; wrote Wealth of Nations |
| Louis XVI | French monarch during French Revolution; beheaded by guillotine |
| Abbe Sieyes | What is 3rd Estate? It is France |
| Edmund Burke | Reflections on the Revolution in France; Father of Conservatism; disagreed with French Revolution and supported the nobility |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | Vindication of Rights of Man; Vindication of Rights of Woman; supported French Revolution; Equal rights for women; mother of Feminist movement |
| Robespierre | Led the Mountain (National Convention); Implemented Reign of Terror; led the Committee of Public Safety |
| Napoleon | The French Emperor who dominated Europe in the early 19th century |
| Lord Nelson | British Admiral at the Battle of Trafalgar |
| Duke of Wellington | Defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo |
| James Hargreaves | Spinning Jenny |
| Arkwright | Water Frame |
| Watt | steam Engine pumps out water from mine |
| Stephenson | created "Rocket" (railways) |
| David Ricardo | Iron wages of law (always remain at substinance level) |
| Friedrich List | Prussian Nationalist who thought it was dangerous to lag behond nationalism; supported Zolverein |
| Metternich | 1st Minister of Austria; led Congress of Vienna |
| Louis Blanc | set up national workshops in French Revolution of 1848 |
| Malthus | Essay on Principal of Population |
| Fredrich Engels | Marx's partner in writing the Communist Manifesto |
| Marx | Father of Communism |
| Delacroix | Liberty Leading the People; Mass of Chios |
| Victor Hugo | Hunchback of Notre Dame; Les Misarables |
| Robert Peel | repealed Corn Laws |
| Louis Phillipe | king of France during revolution of 1830 |
| Louis Napoleon | Elected president of France (male suffrage) |
| Charles Darwin | father of evolution; wrote "on the origin of species"; natural selection; survival of the fittest |
| Emmeline Prankhurt | British leader of women suffrage movement |
| Benjamin Disraeli | Led conservative prime minister in Britain in the 19th century |
| Emile Zola | French realist writer; wrote "Germinal"; sympathized with socialism; supported Alfred Dreyfus |
| Cavour | first minister of Sardinia- Piedmont; his plan- to unify italy |
| Haussman | rebuilt Paris under Napoleon III |
| Garibaldi | Italian Nationalist who unifies southern italy with the rest of his followers called Red Shirts |
| Kipling | "White Man's Burden" |
| William II | German Kaiser who dismissed Bismarck and led Germany in WWI |
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand | His assassination sparked WWI |
| Nicholas II | last Russian Romanov Czar |
| Lenin | Led Bolshevik Revolution in Russia |
| Alexander Kerensky | led Russian Provisional government |
| Trotsky | Lenin's right hand man who led the army |
| David Llyod George | British Prime minister who led Britain @ the Versailled Conference |
| Clemenceau | French leader @ Versailles Conference |
| Mazzini | Itlain Nationalist who tried to unify Italy in 1848 |
| Alexander II | freed serfs during Great Reforms |
| Sergei Witte | used the "West to catch up with the west"; industrialized Russia |
| William Gladstone | liberal prime minister who supported the home rule bill |
| Edward Bernstein | father of Revisionism |
| Woodrow Wilson | 14 points; represented U.S @ Versailles conference |
| Jeremy Bentham | Father of Ulitarianism; "the great good for the greatest number" |
| Bismarck | Iron Chancellor; orchestrated the German unification |
| Friedrich Nietzche | A philosopher of the 20th century; "Christianity is slave morality"; "God is dead"; Father of Existentialism |
| Ludwig Wittgenstein | " Essay on Logical Philosophy"; Father of Logical Empiricism |
| Jean Paul Sartre | He has the view "man is the sum of his own existence"; Most famous french existentialist |
| Soren Kierkegaard | Father of Christian Existentialism |
| Karl Barth | Humans are sinful; You cannot reason out God |
| Gustav Stressmann | Moderate leader of Weinar Republic Germany in the 1920s. He worked with Poincare to reach a compromise to end the Ruhr Crisis |
| Leni Rieferstahl | Nazi film maker; made "Triumph of the Will" |
| Leon Blum | Leader of popular front (coalation party of France); communist, socialist, liberal against fascist |
| Charles De Gaulle | leads Free France; resistant to Hitler's control |
| Konrad Adenaw | First West German president after WW2; helps W. Germany economically recover; Christian Democrat |
| Joan of Arc | helped France win the 100 yrs war |
| Christine de Pisan | "The city of Ladies" |
| Margaret Paston | wrote letters to her husband during the late middle ages |
| John Wycliffe | Lollards were his followers; member of the clandestine movement |
| Rubelais | "Gargantua and Pantagruel" |
| Richard III | king of England; known for killing his nephews |
| John Cabot | Explored America by England Area |
| Mazarin | Chief minister of Louis XIV when he was young |
| Vermuyden | brought drainage to England |
| John Wesley | started Methodism |
| Olympe de Gouges | "Declaration of Rights of Women" advocated for women's rights |
| Chadwick | English health reform during 19th century |
| Dreyfus | French Jewish soldier accused for being a traitor |
| Cecil Rhodes | found Diamond in south Africa |
| Lenin | leader of Russian Revolution of 1917 |
| Stalin | 5 year plans, World War 2 |
| John Keynes | Great Britain Economist during the 1930s |
| Sergei Eisenstein | Soviet film director |
| Khrushchev | Soviet Communist leader, cuban missile crisis, destalinization |
| Brandt | Chancellor of West Germany during the Cold War |
| Yeltsin | 1st Russian President |
| Brezhnev | leader of soviet union; restalinization |
| Gorbachev | attemepted 3 reforms (Brezhnev Doctrine) |
| Dubcek | "socialism with a human face" |
| Walesa | leader of Polish Solidarity movement |
| Havel | leader of Velvet Revolution |
| Margaret Thatcher | Conservative British leader during Cold War, relations with Ronald Reagan |
| Tito | Yugoslav leader |
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