Anatomy test #2
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74 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hydroxypatite | primary name for calcium |
| inorganic components | made up of 65% calcium phosphates, osteoid mineralizes as the calcium phosphate crystalizes & precipitates, enchances compressive strenth. Very hard, durable, supportive & strong. |
| osteoid | fancy name for ground substance & fibers. Prodominately collagen. |
| organic components | cells produce osteoid, 35% of total composition are cytes & blasts, adds flexibility & tensile strength. |
| organic & inorganic | What are the 2 main components in chemical composition of bone. |
| hematopoiesis | blood cell formation |
| lacunae | a hollow space between the lamellae & communicate via canaliculi. |
| protection, body temp regulation, cutaneous sensation, metabolic function, excretion | List 5 functions of the integumentary system |
| chemical, physical, biological | Name 3 sub functions of protection in the integumentary system |
| chemical sub function of protection | dermicidin, defensins, secretions-low PH |
| physical sub function of protection | cells filled w/ keratin and glycolipids; except oils from poison ivy, heavy metals |
| biological sub function of protection | dendritic cells w/in the epidermis |
| body temp regulation | eccrine glands produce sweat |
| hair follicle receptors | nerve endings associated w/ follicles (unencapsulated) |
| arrector pili | smooth muscle, under sympathetic nervous system control, upon contraction, hair stands right up. FRIGHT OR FLIGHT REACTION |
| arrector pili & hair follicle receptors | What are the 2 structures associated w/ hair matrix |
| hair matrix | highly mitotic, pushes daughter cells superiorly to create hair shaft |
| epitelia root sheaths | external & internal that surround dermal papilla |
| hair follicle | an infolding of the epidermis, epidermis invaginates into dermis and terminates in a hairbulb |
| nail matrix | analogousto, stratum basale (very mitotic), daughter cells push forward & become root of nail, free edge, filled w/ keratin, very protective, no flakiness, more durable |
| cuticle | single layer of cells arranged as shingles, scale-like keeps them apart, prevents clumping |
| cuticle, cortex & medulla (central core) | What is the hair shafts 3 layers |
| sebaceous gland | holocrine secretion, fill up & rupture, secretes sebum, softens & lubricates, large gland-face & neck, small gland- trunk & limbs |
| larger than eccrine, ducts empty into hair follicles, sercretion is water, plus fats & proteins, viscous, milky fluid, "normal floral" bacterial growth causes STINK. Most prodominant in the axillary regions & anogenital area | Describe apocrine sweat glands |
| A.K.A cold sweat, starts on palms, soles of feet, brought on by , flight or fright | Describe "emotionally enduced" sweat |
| prevents overheating of the body. H2O molecules absorb body heat in order to vaporize | Describe heat enduced sweat |
| heat enduced and emotionally enduced | What are 2 types of sweat |
| sympathetic nervous system | involuntary automic response of excitement, emergency. The flight or fright response |
| eccrine sweat gland | small, very numerous, most abdundant on palms, soles & forehead, regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. They release product that is 90% h2o, some salt, dermicidin, & antibodies |
| apocrine & eccrine | Name 2 types of sweat glands |
| renew cell population and rapid division of cells | The primary role of stratum basale is to? |
| keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells & merkel cells | Name 4 cell types that comprise the epidermis |
| skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle | Name 3 types of muscle tissue |
| lacunae- a hollow space | Osteocytes reside in the? |
| A.K.A perforating canals, perpendicular to central canals, allow vascular communication between osteons & between the medulary cavity | Define Volkmann's canals |
| Haversian system | Osteons are A.K.A? |
| osteons | groups of 3 or 4 hollow tubes w/in each other, hollow center contains vessels and nerves |
| microscopic anantomy of compact bone | can be found in diaphyses & edges of flat compact bone |
| trabecular cavities | marrow cavities w/ reticular connective tissue, line up along the lines of stress |
| lamellar bone | Compact bone is A.K.A |
| spongy bone | There are no osteons in? |
| hematopoietic | Hemocytoblast reside in the? |
| hips (coxal), stem cells | Location of Irregular bone? |
| w/in the trabecular cavities, sternum, head of femur thumerus | Location of hematopoltic tissue? |
| diploe, trabecular, cancellous bone | Flat bone is also know as? |
| flat bone | not long, structure is different, spongy look, but very dense |
| fused fragment called trabecular | Spongey bone is made up of? |
| sharpey's | tiny fibers that attach the periosteum to the bone |
| periosteum | a snug covering to the long bone. examples: tendons, and ligaments |
| osteoblasts (produce bone), and osteoclasts (absorbs bone) | What does the osteogenic layer consist of? |
| diaphysis | the hollow shaft, has medullary cavity, covered by periosteum, dense irregular connective tissue (outer layer), and inner layer is thin (osteogenic layer) |
| epiphyseal line | long bone; ossified "growth plate" |
| epiphysis | ends of the long bone, filled with spongy bone |
| blood cell formation | in red marrow of bones, known as hematopoiesis |
| mineral storage | calcium & phosphorus (the reservoir for the calcium & phosphorus) |
| bone function movement | arrangement of bones & joint design |
| limbs support trunk | Bones that support? |
| rib cage protects lungs, vertebral column protects spinal cord, and skull protects brain | Bones that protect? |
| vertebrae, and coxal bones | Name the irregular bones? |
| ribs, sternum, scapula, bones of the skull | Name the flat bones? |
| ankle, wrist, and patella | Name the short bones? |
| all the limbs have long bones & the clavicle | Name the long bones? |
| appendicular bones | limbs & girdles (shoulder & pelvic) |
| axial bones | skull, spine, rib cage |
| perichondrium | dense irregular connective tissue, prevents unnecessary expansion |
| menisci of knee, pubic symphesis | Name the skeletal fibrocartilage locations? |
| external ear, epiglottis | Name the skeletal elastic cartilage locations? |
| aritcular, costal, nasal, respiratory | Name the skeletal hyaline cartilage locations |
| metabolic function | blood reservoir-5% of our blood volume is in dermis. Chemical conservation- vitamin D protection begins in the skin & ends in kidneys |
| epiderm- merkel discs, dermis are the free nerve endings | Name the cutaneous sensation sensory receptors |
| inflammation, organization, regeneration | Name 3 stages of tissue repair |
| papillary & reticular layer | Name 2 most superficial dermis layers |
| stratum basale, spinosum, granulosom, and corneum | Name the four layers of the epidermis |
| stratified squamous | What kind of tissue is epidermis |
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