MPCS 6th Science Ch4
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 valence electrons | Which electrons of an atom are involved in forming bonds? |
| it becomes a positive ion | What happens to an atom that has lost one or more electrons? |
| How is the chemical formula for an ionic compound written? | there are 2 parts - the positive ion (positive electrical charge) and the negative ion ( negative electrical charge) -these 2 oppositely charged ions are held together in an ionic bond. The positive ion is usually a metal; the name of positive ion comes first followed by name of negative ion. The negative ion is a single element and the end of its name changes to IDE. If the negative ion is polyatomic, its name usually ends in ATE or ITE |
| What holds together an ionic compound? | ionic bond |
| Positive ions are usually what? | metals |
| How does the name of a negative single element end? | IDE |
| How does a negative ion that is polyatomic end? | ATE or ITE |
| What is a subscript? | a number in a chemical formula that tells the number of atoms in a molecule or the ratio of elements in a compound |
| molecular compounds | these are also known as covalent compounds and are composed of non metal molecules (end in -ide) |
| Properties of molecular compounds | lower melting points than ionic lower boiling points than ionic and do not conduct electricity when dissolved in water or melted |
| What are polyatomic ions? | ions that are made of more than one atom |
| What is a double bond? | a covalent bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons |
| Which group of elements on the periodic table are considered the most reactive elements? | alkali metals and halogens |
| What are alloys? | a mixture composed of two or more elements, at least one of which IS a metal |
| What is a triple bond? | a covalent bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms |
| What are the properties of ionic compounds? | hard, brittle crystals with a HIGH melting and boiling point that conduct electricity when dissolved in water. |
| Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water? | electric current is the flow of charged particles; when ionic crystals dissolve in water, the ions broken apart - this allows them to be able to move freely about in the solution |
| What does it mean to say metals are malleable? | they can be rolled into thin sheets or beaten into complex shapes |
| Why won't molecular compounds dissolved in water conduct electricity? | no charged particles within the compound |
| What is the difference between polar bonds and nonpolar bonds? | polar bonds share electrons unequally while nonpolar share electrons equally |
| How would you describe a metal crystal? | composed of closely packed, positively charged metal ions; the valence ions in it DRIFT among all the ions in the bond (positive metal ions "swimming" in a pool of MOVING valence electrons |
| What are the MOST reactive NONMETALS? | halogen family |
| What type of bonds form between 2 nonmetals? | Covalent bonds |
| What is a Covalent bond? | a bond between atoms that SHARE electrons |
| What is an ionic bond? | a bond between atoms that TRANSFER one or more electrons |
| What are the properties of solid metals? | Malleable, shiny, ductile and good conductors of heat and electricity |
| What group and number do Alkali metals belong to? | Group 1 |
| What group and number do Alkaline earth metals belong to? | Group 2 |
| What group and number does the Boron Family belong to? | Group 13 |
| What group and family do Halogens belong to? | Group 17 |
| What group and family do Noble Gases belong to? | Group 18 |
| What charge does an ionic compound have? | neutral |
| Why does an ionic compound have a neutral charge? | when the positive ion joins with the negative ion, the two charges cancel each other out |
| How many atoms of group 17 element would be needed to react with one atom of a group 1 element? | only 1 (one ion would balance the charge when joined with this group) |
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