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weather is the condition of the Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place climate is the average condition of the Earth's atmosphere at a place atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the planet. Earth's atmosphere is made of about 78% nitrogen, 21%oxygen, and other gases ozone is a form of oxygen that has three oxygen atoms instead of the usual two water vapor water in the form of a gas pollutants harmful substances in the air, water, or soil. Air pollution is caused by pollutants in the air. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gasoline. photochemical smog the brown haze caused by the action of sunlight on chemicalpollutants acid rain rain that contains more acid than normal and forms when nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides combine with water in the air. air the combination of gases, mostly nitrogen and oxygen, that make up the atmosphere. Air has certain properties: mass, density, pressure pressure the force pushing on an area or surface air pressure is the result of the weight of a column of air pushing down on an area barometer weather instrument used to measure air pressure mercury barometer an instrument consisting of a glass tube open at the bottom and partially filled with mercury used to measure air pressure aneroid barometer an instrument that has an airtight metal chamber that expands and contracts depending upon the air pressure altitude elevation, the distance above sea level layers of the atmosphere the layers of the atmosphere are categorized by changes in temperature. troposphere lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, where most weather occurs, "tropo"means changing, 9-16 km thick. stratosphere second layer of the Earth's atmosphere, upper stratosphere has a layer of ozone, extends from top of troposphere to about 50 km. mesosphere third layer of the Earth's atmosphere, "meso" means middle, outermesosphere is the coldest part of the atmosphere, begins at 50 km and ends at 90 km. thermosphere upper most layer of the Earth's atmosphere, "thermo" means heat, dividedinto two layers- ionosphere and exosphere, air is very thin and very hot. ionosphere lower layer of the thermosphere, runs from 80 km to 550 km exosphere upper layer of the thermosphere, "exo" means outer, runs from 550 km forthousands of kilometers until the atmosphere fades into deep space.