A&P Muscular System
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Created by:
rachelafine on February 22, 2011
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 endomysium | delicate connective tissue membrane that covers specialized skeletal muscle fibers |
| perimysium | tough connective tissue binding together fascicles |
| epimysium | coarse sheath covering the muscle as a whole |
| origin | point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts |
| insertion | point of attachment that moves when the muscle contracts |
| prime mover | a muscle or group of muscles that directly performs a specific movement |
| antagonist | muscles that, when contracting, directly oppose prime movers; relax while prime mover in contracting to produce movement; provide precision and control during contraction of prime movers |
| synergists | muscles that contract at the same time as the prime movers; they facilitate prime mover actions to produce a more efficient movement |
| fixator muscles | joint stabilizers |
| sarcolemma | plasma membrane of muscle fibers |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum | network of tubules and sacs found within muscle fibers, stores calcium ions within its sacs |
| myofibrils | numerous fine fibers packed close together in sarcoplasm |
| sarcomere | segment of myofibril between two successive Z lines, myofibrils consists of many of these, contractile unit of muscle fibers |
| triad | triplet of tubules; allows an electrical impulse traveling along a T tubule to stimulate the membranes of adjacent sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| T tubule | sandwiched between two sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| myofilaments | within myofibrils, thick and thin; thin attach to both Z lines of a sarcomere and extend part way toward the center; thick do not attach to the Z lines |
| motor unit | motor neurons plus the muscle fibers to which it attaches |
| twitch contraction | a quick jerk of a muscle that is produced as a result of a single, brief threshold stimulus |
| treppe | the staircase phenomenon; gradual, step like increase in the strength of contraction that is seen in a series of twitch contractions that occur 1 second apart |
| tetanus | smooth, sustained contractions |
| isotonic contractions | contraction in which the tone or tension within a muscle remains the same but the length of the muscle shortens (same tension) |
| isometric contraction | contraction in which muscle length remains the same while the muscle tension increases (same length) |
| first class | fulcrum lies between the pull and the load, not abundant in the human body, serve as levers of stability |
| second class | load lies between the fulcrum and the joint at which the pull is exerted, presence of these levers in the human body is a controversial issue |
| third class | pull is exerted between the fulcrum and load, permit rapid and extensive movement, most common type of lever found in the body |
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