Life Science Definitions: Chapter 18
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Jojoba on February 22, 2011
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Classification | The process of grouping things based on their similarities |
| Taxonomy | The study of how living things are classified |
| Carolus Linnaeus | A Swedish naturalist that placed organisms in groups according to observable features |
| Binomial Nomenclature | The unique two-part scientific naming system |
| Genus | Part of the binomial nomenclature that contains similar, closely related organism |
| Prokaryotes | Organisms that lack a nucleus |
| Eukaryotes | Organisms with cells that contain a nucleus |
| Autotroph | An organism that makes its own food (uses photosynthesis) |
| Heterotroph | An organism that cannot make its own food |
| Virus | A tiny nonliving particle that enters and then reproduces inside a living cell |
| Host Cell | The living cell in which a virus reproduces |
| Bacteria | Single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission |
| Saprophyte | Any organism that uses dead material as a food and energy source- they digest organisms and recycle the nutrients |
| Pathogen | Any organism that produces disease |
| Antibiotics | Substances produced by one organism that inhibits or kills another organism |
| Vaccine | A shot made from damaged particles from bacteria's cell walls, or from killed bacteria |
| Endospores | The thick walls of bacteria |
| Pasteurization | A process of heating food to a temperature that kills harmful bacteria |
| Protist | Single or multi-celled organism that lives in moist or wet surroundings |
| Protozoa | Single-celled, animal-like protists |
| Sarcodine | Probably the first protozoans |
| Pseudopods | Feed using extensions of a sarcodine's cytoplasm |
| Ciliate | The most complex protozoans |
| Cilia | Short, thread-like structures that extend from the cell membrane of a ciliate |
| Paramecia | Ciliates that live mostly in fresh water |
| Flagellum | A whip-like tail |
| Flagellates | A protozoan that has a flagella |
| Algae | Plant-like protists |
| Diatoms | Single-celled algae that store food in the form of oil |
| Spores | Reproductive cells that form new organisms without fertilization |
| Hyphae | Branching thread-like tubes of a fungi |
| Sporangia | In zygote fungi, round spore cases where spores are produced |
| Ascus | In sac fungi, a sac-like structure that spores are produced in |
| Basidium | In club fungi, a "club" like structure |
| Lichens | Pioneer organisms made of a fungus and either a green algae or cyanobacteria |
| Sporozoan | A form of Protozoa that is a parasite and characterized by way they live rather than how they move |
| Dinoflagellates | Protists called "Spinning Flagellates" (one flagellum moves the cell, other circles the cell causing motion like a top) |
| Euglena | A protist that has characteristics of plants and animals and has an "eyespot" that responds to light |
| Species | Group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring |
| Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species | The order of the classification levels |
| Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya | The three domains (in order from notes) |
| Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia | The four kingdoms in Domain Eukarya (in order from notes) |
| Helical | The shape of a virus that is set up like a tube and how the protein coat winds like a garden hose |
| Active Virus | A virus that attaches to a host cell and reproduces right away |
| Latent Virus | A virus that attaches to a host cell, but can "hide" inside a cell for many years before becoming active |
| Small Pox | The first vaccine was for this disease |
| Cocci | Sphere-shaped bacteria |
| Bacilli | Rod-shaped bacteria |
| Spirilla | Spiral-shaped bacteria |
| Polyhedral | The shape of a virus that looks kind of like a ball and has lots of facets and a seemingly hard shell |
| Complex | The shape of a virus that has geometric heads and long heads (the funky ones you see in books) |
| Red Algae | A type of algae used to give ice cream its smooth creamy texture |
| Green Algae | A type of algae that lives in thousands together usually in water, or in other moist environments (pigment is green) |
| Brown Algae | A type of algae that is an important food source and is giant kelp |
| Cyanobacteria | Bacteria that are autotrophs and are important food producers for lakes and ponds- fish eat them |
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