| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Shannon-Weiner | This index allows rare species to have a greater contribution to species diversity |
| Species Richness | The number of species found in a particular area |
| Fitness | Relative reproductive output of an individual as compared to others in the population |
| US Fish and Wildlife, National Marine Fisheries Service | These two agencies are administrators of the ESA |
| 173 | Number of countries that abide by the CITES treaty |
| NESARC | This group says that the ESA places undue financial burden on landowners and causes economic hardship |
| $50,000 / imprisonment for up to one year | The penalty for violating the ESA |
| President | This person is primarily responsible for change in the ESA |
| Heterozygous Advantage | Individuals and populations with increased heterozygosity tend to have an increased survival and fitness than either parental homozygote is called this |
| Fecundity | Potential fitness of an organism |
| Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, Founder effects/ Bottlenecks | 3 things responsible for variation in genetic diversity among populations |
| Species Diversity | Measure of abundance of species |
| Indicator Species | Typically plant or animal species used to assess the health of an ecosystem or community |
| Keystone Species | Species that have a disproportionately large impact on the ecosystem or community |
| Biome | Large scale communities designated by dominant vegetation |
| Strong and Levin | Persons associated with determining estimated number of fungal species |
| 10-100 million | Estimated number of living species |
| 1.5 million | Number of described species |
| 300,000 | Number of described fossil species |
| Gould and Eldrige | Punctuated Equilibrium |
| Niche | The sum of requirements for a species |
| Silurian, 480 | Plant evolution occurred in the ______ period, ___ MYA |
| Cambrian, 580-600 | The first species explosion happened in the _______ period, which occured ____ MYA |
| Jawless fish, Ordovician, 500 | The earliest vertebrates were the ________, which evolved during the ________ period ___ MYA |
| Pteridophytes | Earliest terrestrial plants that reproduced using spores with flagellated sperm |
| 370-380, Devonian, gymnosperms | The second major evolutionary event occured ____ MYA during the ______ period and was dominated by the evolution of _________ |
| 140, Jurassic | Angiosperms evolved ____ MYA during the ______ period |
| Abiogenesis and Panspermia | These are the two major hypotheses for how life first evolved on earth |
| 1 billion, 99 | The estimated total number of all species ever is around ____, and it is estimated that approximately ___ percent of these are extinct |
| decreases | As you move North or South from the equator, biodiversity _______. |
| McArthur and Wilson | Theory of Island Biogeography |
| Garret Harden | The writer of "Tragedy of the Commons" |
| 15-26 billion pounds | The amount of carbon released per year |
| 600 km^2 | The amount of TRF destroyed each year |
| Mass extinction | The substantial loss in biodiversity that is extensive in both the number of species affected and over a global scale |
| Productivity, Structural, Competition, Predation, Stability, Time | Six hypothesis that describe what is responsible for ecological limits to producing species |
| Switzerland | This country is responsible for maintaining trade records from CITES |
| 0.2, 6 | Coral reefs occupy ___ percent of the oceans, while TRF's occupy ___ percent of land |
| 135, 150 | We are losing ___ to ___ thousand km^2 area of forests each year |
| 30 | This percent of birds is threatened by overexploitation |
| 33,000 | The CITES treaty protects this number of species |
| 50 million, 120 | Large industrial plants for desalination of seawater deliver _____ cubic meters of fresh water every day, while compact systems deliver about ____ liters per day. |
| Only offers protection at the species level, relies on country of export to determine whether or not a species is endangered | Two problems with the CITES treaty |
| 3.8 | The first fossils were discovered and dated to about ___ BYA |
| 2 | The presence of oxygen allowed the evolution of eukaryotic and multicellular organisms about ___ BYA |
| VanValen | Person associated with Red Queen Hypothesis |
| Africa, Rift Valley | The largest current mass extinction occurred in this "Country, Area" |
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