Membrane Structure & Function (Chap 5)
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Plasma Membrane | Phospholipid bilayer that contains proteins. -has numerous functions, including regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell. |
| Cholesterol | lipid found in the animal plasma membrane. helps modify the fluidity of the membrane. , Provides strength & structural support to membrane in Lipid Bilayer |
| Extracellular Matrix | -Found only in animal cells -various functions including lending support to the plasma membrane and assisting communication between cells. -Meshwork of proteins and polysaccharides in close association with the cell that produced them. |
| Carbohydrate Chains | (sugars) on surface are attached to proteins and lipids in the membrane (glycoproteins, glycolipids); many function as cell identification tags |
| Glycocalyx | "sugar coat" of membrane. -protects the cell -facilitates adhesion between cels, reception of signaling molecules and cell-to-cell recognition. |
| Channel Proteins | The proteins involved in the passage of molecules through the membrane. They include a passage that allows a substance to simply move across the membrane. |
| Carrier Proteins | Proteins involved in Selectively interacting with a specific molecule or ion so that it can cross the membrane. |
| Cell Recognition Proteins | -Glycoproteins. -Proteins involved with recognition. |
| Receptor Proteins | Proteins that have a shape that allow a specific molecule to bind in it. |
| Enzymatic Proteins | A protein that catalyzes a specific chemical reaction. -Carries out metabolic reactions directly. |
| Junction Proteins | -allow 2 different cells to bond to eachother -involved in forming various types of junction between animal cells -signaling molecules that pass through gap junctions allow the cilia of cells that line your repiratory tract to beat in unison |
| Differentially Permeable | Meaning Certain substances can move across the membrane while others cannot. |
| Concentration Gradient | Represents a higher concentration of molecules in one area vs a lower concentration of molecules in another. |
| Aquaporin | Membrane channel protein that allows water to passively move through. |
| Bulk Transport | The process by which large particles and macromolecules are transported through plasma membranes. Inc. exocytosis and endocytosis |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water across a differentially permeable membrane due to concentration differences. |
| Isotonic Solution | Solution used in labs where cells are normally placed in solution where Solute concentration and water concentration both inside and outside the cell are equal. |
| Tonicity | Strength of the solution. |
| Hypotonic Solution | Solution that causes cells to swell due to intake of water. -Higher Concentration of water then what's inside the cell. -Net movement from outside to inside. |
| Hypertonic Solution | Solution that may cause cells to shrink or shrivel. -Solution with higher percentage of solute (lower co concentration of water) then the cell. -Net movement from inside to outside, water leaves the cell. |
| Turgor Pressure | the pressure that is exerted on the inside of cell walls and that is caused by the movement of water into the cell. -Very important to plant cells to maintain strength. |
| Plasmolysis | Shrinking of cell's cytoplasm due to osmosis. |
| Facilitated Transport | is the movement of a molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration (diffusion), with the aid of a protein channel or carrier. |
| Active Transport | energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| Pumps | A name given to Proteins involved in active transport. |
| Exocytosis | process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane and spilling the proteins outside the cell (contents leave cell) |
| Endocytosis | Process of cells taking in substances by vesicle formation. A portion of the plasma membrane invaginates to envelop the substances, and then the membrane pinches off to form an intracellular membrane. (cell takes in contents) |
| Phagocytosis | - processes of Endocytosis process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell |
| Pinocytosis | -Process of Endocytosis -Process in which vesicles form around a liquid or around very small particles. |
| Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis | -Form of Pinocytosis Quite specific, uses a receptor protein shaped in such a way that a specific molecule such as a vitamin, peptide hormone, or lipoprotein can bind to it. -Far more selective then Pinocytosis. -Involved in uptake and transfer and exchange of substances between cells. |
| Adhesion Junction | Serve to mechanically attach adjacent cells. Internal Cytoplasmic Plaques -attached to cytoskeleton within each cell |
| Desmosomes | -Type of Adhesion Junction -Internal Cytoplasmic plaques, firmly attached to cytoskeleton within each cell, are joined by intercellular filaments -Results in sturdy, flexible sheets of cells. -Stretchable tissues of cells held together by These. |
| Tight Junction | -Plasma membrane proteins attach to each other, producing a zipperlike fastening. -Between Adjacent cells |
| Gap Junction | Junction in which Allows cells to communicate. -Formed when two identical plasma membrane channels join. -Channel of each cell is lined by six plasma membrane proteins -Permits small molecules and ions to pass between them. |
| Plasmodesmata | Connects the cytoplasm of living plant cells. numerous, narrow, membrane-lined channels that pass through the cell wall. |
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