Pathways to the Present, Modern, Chapter 3, Section 2
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What was the Trail of Tears? | In 1838, the Cherokee Indians were forced on a 116-day journey to their reservation in Oklahoma. One-fourth of them died. |
| What and when was the Bank war? | When Jackson vetoed the charter of the Bank of the US.in 1832, angering his opponents. |
| What was the Force Bill of 1833? | This authorized President Jackson to use the army to collect tariffs. |
| What was the Indian Removal Act? | This 1830 act granted the President funds and authority to remove Native Americans off of 100 million acres of land so that cotton farming could occur on that land. |
| Nullify | The idea that states have the right to reject federal laws that the state feels is unconstitutional. |
| State Sovereignty | The theory that because states created the federal government, they have the right to nullify its acts and even to secede from the union. |
| States' rights | Idea that states have the right to limit the power of the federal government |
| Which tribes which were removed due to the Indian Removal Act? | Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole, and Chickasaw tribes |
| What was the Tariff Crisis of 1828? | Prior to Jackson's first term, Congress had passed the Tariff of 1828, a heavy tax on imports designed to discourage foreign imports and encourage American manufacturing. The tariff greatly benefited the industrial North but forced southerners to pay higher prices for manufactured goods. They called the import tax the "Tariff of Abominations." |
| 1828 Election | Jackson won. He received 178 electoral votes, Adams won only 83 |
| Agriculture in the Old Northwest | Grew corn, wheat and grains. Created need for new ways to transport these to markets. |
| Bank notes | The most common form of money in the early 1800s, they were a promise to pay specie, had unpredictable value |
| Benefits of bank | Can provide capital to help grow the economy |
| Benefits of free enterprise | It rewards people who find ways to increase productivity. It encourages the creation of new industries, jobs, and wealth. |
| Capital | Wealth that can be invested in productive resources. Is provided by banks. |
| What were the characteristics of the Market Revolution? | Buying and selling of goods, borrowing and circulating more money, increased wealth, more people working outside the home for money, increased shopping, more comfortable homes. |
| Chief Justice John Marshall | Presided over Supreme Court during nationalist supreme court decisions |
| Denmark Vesey | Former slave who planned to seize Charleston, SC, in 1822. He was caught and hanged. |
| Election of 1824 | Jackson won popular vote, but not enough electoral votes to have the majority. Clay gave his electoral votes to Adams, and Adams won. |
| First completely centralized textile mill (contained both spinning and weaving) | Francis C. Lowell's in Waltham, MA. Opened in 1813 |
| Free enterprise system or capitalism | Economic system based on private or corporate ownership of capital resources |
| How did Jackson try to limited government? | Jackson rejected more acts of Congress than the previous six Presidents combined. |
| Industrialization in the Northeast | Population percentage living in cities jumped from 6% to 12% from 1810 to 1840. The mills employed young women to work their spinning and weaving machines. Led to rise of labor unions |
| Jacksonian Democrats | Followers of Jackson |
| Market Revolution | When American began buying and selling goods rather than making them themselves. |
| Monroe Doctrine | Set of beliefs developed by President Monroe that stated that America would not become pulled into European wars and also would not permit further colonization of the Americas |
| Nat Turner | Leader of a slave revolt in 1831 in Virginia |
| National Republicans | Adam's and Clay's supporters |
| Nationalism | Pride in being part of a nation (opposite of sectionalism where one is proud of one's section of the country). |
| Northeast | New England and New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania |
| Old Northwest | Region north and west of the Ohio River, included Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, MIchigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota. |
| Presidential Candidates in the Election of 1824 | John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and Andrew Jackson |
| What was the process to start a new bank? | Group of private investors obtain a charter from their state. |
| Regions of the North | The Old Northwest and the Northeast |
| What were some risks of banks? | Banks might make bad loans, customers lose their savings. |
| Southern crops | Primarily cotton, but Virginia and North Carolina grew tobacco, South Carolina grew sugar and rise. |
| Southern Economy | Rural, based on slavery. |
| Strike | A work stoppage |
| The National Trades Union | The Nation's first labor union, organized in 1834. Was short-lived. |
| The states of the South | Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkansas. |
| What was Jackon's Spoils System? | Jobs for party supporters |
| Voter Reform in 19th century | State laws requiring property ownership were repealed before 1828; the number of votes tripled between 1824 to 1828. |
| What year did the Constitution specify that no more slaves could be imported? | 1808 |
| What was the tariff crisis? | When South Carolina nullified the Tariff Act. |
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