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Griffith did a famous experiment in 1928 using Streptococcus pneumoniae; Smooth strain bacteria Could transform rough strain bacteria, therby killing the mouse unharmed` Avery, macleod and McCarty extended these experiments in the 1940's by Proving that the transforming substance had to be DNA Hershey and Chase in 1950 then confirmed avery, macleod and McCarty's conclusions with the bacteriophage T4 and its host Escherichia coil by Labelling the virus's DNA with radioactive phosphorus, which made radioactive E. coli In the 1050s Chargaff showed that DNA always contains equal amounts of Adenine as thymine The four nitrogenous bases that are found in all of life within the different nucleotides of DNA are Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine The individual nitrogenous base pairs of opposite DNA strands are held together by Hydrogen bonds The individual sugar- phosphate backbone strands of DNA are Oriented anti- parallel to each other The genetic code is not Specific to each and every life form on earth The genome of an organism is all of its Genetic material (DNA) A sequence of DNA nucleotides coding for a specific protein or structural ofr catalytic RNA molecule is Gene In eukaryotic cells DNA is not found in the Ribosomes In bacteria and Archa DNA is found in the Cytoplasm Which statement is not true regarding DNA in Eukaryotes All DNA has known functions The process by which DNA reproduces itself is Semiconservative replication The enzyme that adds nucleotides to form new strands of Dna and is essential for PCR is atp synthase Which of the following statements is not true about the polymerase chain reaction It can be use on any piece of dna whether or not any sequence information is known Which of the following statements is not true about various DNA technologies Mitochondrial Apoptosis is also called Programmed cell death An organisms ___ must be dupicated in any of its cells before that cell can divide Genome A condensed package of DNA and associated protiens in eukaryotes, as seen during cell division is a chromosome A stretch of DNA wrapped a couple of times around histones, like beads on a string, in eukaryotes is a Nucleosome One of the two identical copies of replicated DNA attched to each other in eukaryotes is a chromatid The point of attachment between the identical copies of replicated DNA in eukaryotes is a Centromere Most of the cells in most eukaryotes, somatic cells, have two full copies of DNA They are diploid A few of the cells in most eukaryotes, gamestes, have only one full copy of DNA They are haploid Cells in many eukaryotes that are not specialized to produce gametes (sperm or egg) are called germ cells Cells in many eukaryotes that are not specialized to produce gametes are collectively called somatic cells Which statement is not true regarding the cell's interphase in most eukaryotes The nucleus is actively dividing The division of the nucleus and segregation of replicated DNA into two daughter cell nuclei is called Mitosis The actual physical separation of the two daughter cells in the cell cycle is called Cytokinesis The microtubule cytoskeletal structure that moves the chromosomes equally into two sets is the Mitotic spindle The correct sequence for the phases of mitosis is Prophase - metaphase- anaphase- telophase During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes condense and the nucleus begin breaking down Prophase During which phase of mitosis are all the chromosomes aligned along the equater of the cell Metaphase During which phase of mitosis are sister chromatids pulled to oppisite poles of the cell anaphase Which of the following statements is not true regarding cell cycle regulation Telomeres become longer and longer as most somatic cells divide Which of the following statements is not true regarding cancer Nearly every form of cancer is highly contagious If bacteria use a sex pilus to transfer dna to another bacteria, the process is called conjugation Sexual reproduction may have evolved as a mechanism Sexual reproduction may have evolved as a mechanism The first diploid cell resulting from fertilization is called the zygote Most animal gametes have only one copy of DNA, not two, otherwise the product of fertilization would be polyploid Which of the following statements is not true regarding the discrete DNA 'packages in most animal cells The genetic information on a pair of homologous autosomes is exactly the same between the two Cells that undergo a single round of DNA replication, but two rounds of nuclear division, are undergoing Meiosis In meiosis, paired homologous DNA 'packages' align (double file) along the cell's equator during metaphase I In meiosis, paired homologous DNA 'packages' separate, moving to opposite poles of the cell during Anaphase I In meiosis, separated sister chromatids move to the oppostie poles of the cell during Anaphase II The final cytokinesis step of meiosis results in the production Four haploid daughter cells Sexual reproduction and meiosis do not generate much significant genetic variability through DNA replication Errors in meiosis can cause many problems. Which of the following cannot be cause by meiotic error Single point mutations Every gene can have many different ____ which may or may not be different from one another Alleles