Phonetics Ch 8
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15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Dialect | Variations in Speech & Language: |
| Speech & Language | SPEECH: Pronunciation (accent) LANGUAGE: Syntax (grammatical rules), Vocabulary |
| Idiolect | A person's individual speech pattern; --Characteristic of one's personality --Idiosyncratic |
| Types of Dialect | 1) REGIONAL--based on geographical boundaries 2) SOCIAL--based on Social class; Ethnic group; --not all members speak the dialect **dialects should not be thought of as wrong or disordered, but as different. |
| Standard American English (SAE) | --Relatively free from regional characteristics --Used by national network newscasters --Printed form: dictionaries, grammar books; most printed matter |
| General American English | --Devoid of regional pronunciations or characteristics --Synonymous w/ SAE |
| It's important to study dialectical differences because: | You do NOT work w/ a person w/ a DIFFERENCE in articulation/phonological therapy. You may work on voice, stuttering, etc, instead-- *unless they elect to have therapy *typically this will be an adult from a foreign country. |
| Accent Reduction Therapy | SLP helps speakers of nonstandard English --reduces their accent --becomes more intelligible --strictly elective therapy |
| Limited English Proficient (LEP) Speakers | --LEP children in a school setting --May initially appear "language delayed" --May be referred for S-L evaluation -Child must have delays in both languages to be considered language delayed --If delay is English only, then child is LEP --Takes 3-5 years to develop proficiency in a 2nd language for normal children -SEE NOTES |
| Research of LEP Speakers show: | If you work with a child with a language delay in his native language, he will improve in the 2nd language also. Dilemma: In which language do you work w/ the child? |
| 3 major REGIONAL DIALECTS within the US: | 1) Southern American English 2) Eastern American English 3) General American English |
| 3 major VOWEL PRONUNCIATION areas (and their corresponding Regional Dialects) | 1) North (Northern cities shift: EAE) 2) South (Southern Shift: SAE) 3) West (Low Back Merger: GAE) |
| Phonological Patterns of each Region: CHAIN SHIFTING | --The shifting place of vowel articulation --Three regional shifts: see previous slide. --As the articulation of one vowel changes, surrounding vowels in the vowel quadrangle will likewise shift in production--causing a "chain reaction" in place of articulation of neighboring vowels. |
| SOCIAL & ETHNIC DIALECTS: In US, 3 predominant dialects, based upon social class & cultural/ethnic background: | 1) SPANISH Influenced English 2) ASIAN/PACIFIC Influenced English 3) AFRICAN-AMERICAN Vernacular English (AAVE) a) also known as:--Black English Vernacular --Black English --Ebonics --Vernacular Black English b) has several regional variations c) AAVE characterized by: Lexical (vocabulary), Grammatical & Phonological features |
| History of AAVE (not substandard English!!) | --developed as a PIDGIN language between traders in Africa & Europe --Neither group could speak the other one's language --Ended up w/ a pidgin language consisting of: a) reduced vocab & grammar b) shared characteristics of African & European languages. --When slaves came to America, the pidgin language was used --New vocabulary & grammar were added --Children born to the slaves learned the language as their native language; hence became a CREOLE language --AAVE has evolved from this Creole language |
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